Day :
- Smart Materials & Structural Engineering
Location: Independence B
Chair
Rashid Rashidzadeh
University of Windsor, Canada
Co-Chair
Chi-Chang Lin
National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
Session Introduction
Murad Abu-Farsakh
Louisiana State University, USA
Title: Mitigating the bridge end bump problem: A case study of a new approach slab system with geosynthetic reinforced soil foundation
Time : 11:40-12:05
Biography:
Murad Abu-Farsakh is Research Professor, Louisiana Transportation Research Center, Louisiana State University. He received his Ph.D. in Geotechnical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1997. He published more than 150 peer review articles. Some of his research interests include Evaluation of pile setup for piles driven in clayey soils Accelerated load testing of geosynthetic reinforced base layer in pavement sections Calibration of resistance factors for use in the LRFD design of driven piles and drilled shafts Numerical modeling and finite element analysis of geotechnical, pavement and soi-structure interaction engineering problems, Instrumentation and many
Abstract:
The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LA DOTD) has initiated a major effort to minimize the bridge end bump problem associated with the differential settlement. As a result, a new design for the approach slab was proposed, which requires increasing the slab flexural rigidity (EI), and using reinforced soil foundation (RSF) to support the slab and traffic loads at the roadway pavement/approach slab joint (R/S joint). The Bayou Courtableau Bridge was selected as a demonstration project to monitor, evaluate, validate, and verify the new bridge approach slab design method. The west approach slab was designed using the proposed design method with slab thickness of 406 mm (16 in.), while the east approach slab was designed using the traditional design method with slab thickness of 305 mm (12 in.). The pavement end side of the west approach slab was supported by a 1.2-m (4.0-ft.) wide strip footing with the soil underneath it was reinforced by six geogrid layers placed at a vertical spacing of 305 mm (12 in). Two static load tests were conducted on both the west and east approach slabs at two different times after construction. The test results indicated that the west approach slab (with new design) lost most of its supports from the soil; while the east approach slab (with traditional design) began losing its contacts from the soil, starting from the bridge side towards the pavement side, after about a year and half. The roughness profiles demonstrated better performance of the new approach slab system with much lower International Roughness Index (IRI) values. The field monitoring program at Bayou Courtableau Bridge demonstrated much better performance of the new approach slab design system (west approach slab) compared to the traditional design (east approach slab).
Amir Poursaee
Clemson University, USA
Title: Durability of concrete incorporating crushed brick as coarse aggregate
Time : 12:05-12:30
Biography:
Amir Poursaee is an Assistant Professor of Materials Engineering in Glenn Department of Civil Engineering at the Clemson University, where he teaches courses in infrastructure corrosion construction materials, and non-destructive evaluations (NDE). He has published more than 30 peer-reviewed papers, monographs, book and book chapters.
Abstract:
Using crushed bricks as coarse aggregates in concrete is of particular interest to preserve natural aggregate sources as well as to reduce waste and waste storage. The objective of this experimental work was to study the durability of reinforced concrete made with crushed brick as aggregate. Concrete made with brick aggregates showed an increase in its workability compared to that in concrete with natural aggregate. The improvement in workability enhanced with an increase in coarse brick aggregate content. Concrete samples made with brick aggregates showed slight improvement in compressive strength compared to that in concrete made with 100% natural aggregate. By increasing the brick content, the resistance to chloride penetration decreased due to the higher porosity and absorption in brick aggregates compared to those in natural aggregates. All samples were able to pass the 300 cycles of the freeze/thaw tests. Corrosion of the reinforcing steel bars in samples containing brick as their coarse aggregates initiated before that in samples with natural aggregates. Therefore, based on the data and results found in this study, it can be concluded that natural coarse aggregates can be replaced by crushed bricks, without significant change in the durability of concrete when the steel is not present. However, when concrete is reinforced with steel, replacing natural aggregates with crushed brick is not recommended.
Chi-Chang Lin
National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
Title: Multiple tuned mass dampers for vibration control of high-rise buildings
Time : 12:30-12:55
Biography:
Chi-Chang Lin received his Ph.D. degree in Civil Engineering at the State University of New York at Buffalo in February 1989 and joined the Department of Civil Engineering at National Chung Hsing University (NCHU) in Taiwan in August 1989. He has been a Distinguished Professor since 2007. Dr. Lin was the Department Chair of Civil Engineering, Dean of College of Engineering, Founding Director of Center for Environmental Restoration and Disaster Reduction, and Vice President of NCHU. His research interests include structural health monitoring and damage assessment, passive and active control of structures, earthquake engineering, and train- or man-induced vibration control. Dr. Lin has received numeral awards and honors including Distinguished Research Award from Taiwan National Science Council three times and the Outstanding Engineering Professor Award from Taiwan Chinese Institute of Engineers. He has published one book chapter and over 150 peer-reviewed technical papers in international scientific Journals and Conferences. He is currently President of the Chinese Society of Structural Engineers and a life-time Fellow of both the Chinese Institute of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering and the Chinese Society of Structural Engineers in Taiwan.
Abstract:
vibration control of long-period high-rise buildings against wind and seismic loadings has been a hot topic in the field of structural engineering to assure structure safety and human confort. Single tuned mass damper (TMD) is one kind of passive-type devices and has been successfully installed in many high-rise buildings, observatory towers, and long-span bridges since 1971. It can be incorporated into an existing structure with less interference than other devices. Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers (MTMD) consist of multiple units of tuned mass dampers arranged in parallel to suppress vibrations of single or multiple modes of a structure. A brand-new optimal MTMD system was developed by the authors to provide broader frequency bandwidth than single TMD, and thus, to be able to endure large variation of controlled structural frequency (called frequency detuning effect). In this study, a friction typed MTMD system with three units of TMD was designed and fabricated. A series of shaking table tests for a scaled-down long-period building model equipped with the MTMD system and a stop/lock device were conducted to prove the control effectiveness of the MTMD system and the workability of the stop/lock device. The results demonstrate that analytical results agree well with the experimental results showing accurate analytical friction model. The proposed MTMD system is effective in reducing the dynamic responses of the target high-rise building. In addition, the stop/lock device works well when the stroke of each TMD unit exceeds its limit.
Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
Title: Nanosilicon as a smart waterproofing admixture in cement base material
Time : 12:55-13:20
Biography:
Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid is Research Dean of Construction Research Alliance, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed papers, in national and international Journals.
Abstract:
Permeation of water as well as other fluids in concrete can result in degradation and other fouling aesthetic problems which shorten concrete structures’ life. Several research studies have been undertaken to produce waterproofing additives that will extend the service life of concrete elements. Consequently, a great deal of repair and maintenance costs can be avoided. The aim of this research is to develop a smart waterproof cement base material using nano silicon. The material is being characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transmission Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Water Contact Angle Test (WCA). Different amount of nanosilicon suspension is added to mortar during mixing to obtain the optimum quantity. From this study, the result shows that capillary water absorption has been reduced by 55% as compared to control specimen. Also the admixture has increased the slump of the mortar by 19mm (12%). Other necessary tests such as sorptivity, water vapor permeability, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength and carbonation will be conducted to establish the effect of nanosilicon. Furthermore, microstructure would be conducted to maximize the reliability of the results. In conclusion, nanosilicon is a good waterproofing admixture.
Rashid Rashidzadeh
University of Windsor, Canada
Title: Smart sensors and 3D IC technology
Time : 14:00-14:25
Biography:
Rashid Rashidzadeh (M’04–SM’13) received the B.S.E.E. degree from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada in 2003 and 2007 respectively. He has track record of successful collaboration with industry and has supervised many industry projects, the industry systems designed by his research team have entered the market successfully. He is currently manager of Research Centre for Integrated Microsystems (RCIM) and adjunct professor with the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Windsor. His research focuses on design and test methodologies for analog/RF cores, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and wireless sensor networks for distributed sensing. He is the chair of IEEE circuits and systems and computer joint societies chapter in Windsor section and is the recipient of Excellence in Scholarship, Research & Creative Activity award at the University of Windsor in 2015.
Abstract:
Full integration of all blocks and functions of a smart sensor into a single chip with current technologies is a challenging task. In addition to the sensor unit numerous blocks including interface unit, Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), processing unit and wireless communication element are needed to implement a smart sensor. Innovative technologies from diverse disciplines such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and photonics bring new possibilities for integration of smart sensors while further raising the challenges of integration. 3D and 2.5D fabrication technologies are well suited for integration of smart sensors containing elements from various technology disciplines such as MEMS, microelectronics. This work presents the integration techniques in 3D IC technology to achieve low power and high performance smart sensors.
Ji Ma
Kent State University, USA
Title: smartmateriNovel technologies and future developments of MEMS-based displaysals
Time : 14:25-14:50
Biography:
Ji Ma received PhD at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2006 and his BS at Changchun University of Science and Technology in 2000. Currently, he is a Group Lead and Senior R&D Scientist at Qualcomm Inc. for MEMS-based display technology. He is also active at Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University for novel display technologies from 2008. He has been working in liquid crystal displays and MEMS displays in both academia and industry. He has published 3 book chapters, more than 40 peer-reviewed papers and more than 20 patents.
Abstract:
Display technologies in mobile, tablet, laptop, desktop and TV have been used from day to day. As a new member of display technologies, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based displays, compared with traditional display mode like LCD and OLED, show merits on optical performance, color performance and energy-saving. In this talk, different display modes of available MEME-based display technologies, such as digital micromirror device (DMD), digital micro-shutter (DMS), interferometric modulator display (IMOD), time multiplexed optical shutter (TMOS) and grating light valve (GLV) and their operational concepts as well device principals for transmissive, reflective and projection displays are presented. These devices are achieved by controlling light by transmittance, reflective or diffraction behaviors. The issues in the reliability tests are stressed and the solution for these problems are presented. The challenge and new opportunities on material science involved in MEMS technologies are proposed.
Ju-Hyung Kim
Pukyong National University, Republic of Korea
Title: Solvent-free fluidic organic distributed feedback lasers via soft-lithography
Time : 14:50-15:15
Biography:
Ju-Hyung Kim received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in Chemical and Biological Engineering from Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, in 2007, and the Ph.D. degree in Advanced Materials Science from the University of Tokyo, Japan in 2012, working on organic semiconductors and organic/metal interfaces. Since 2014, he has been an Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering at Pukyong National University, Republic of Korea. His research interest includes surface engineering and analysis on organic thin films, organic electronic and optoelectronic applications, and unconventional lithography methodology.
Abstract:
Liquid organic semiconductors present strong advantages over conventional organic semiconductors in solid-state thin films, such as solvent-free device processing, ultimate mechanical flexibility and uniformity, and tunable optoelectronic responses. In a lasing context, these fluidic semiconducting materials can provide an excellent framework for flexible and tunable lasers if proper resonator structures and materials are used. Particularly since distributed feedback (DFB) structures show outstanding properties for lasing such as low threshold, high optical mode confinement, and high reflectivity, the compact integration of DFB grating structures into solvent-free optofluidic organic light-emitting devices is of strong interest for the development of tunable solvent-free liquid lasers with low lasing threshold. Here optically-pumped low-threshold blue, green and red liquid DFB lasers using solvent-free fluidic organic semiconductors and flexible polymeric substrates patterned with DFB gratings are presented. Experimental results also indicate that a tuning of the flexible liquid DFB laser emission peak can be achieved under mechanical bending, due to the high-aspect-ratio DFB grating pattern which causes largely diversified periods according to the mechanical deformation. Overall, the results strongly suggest great potential for a wide range of optoelectronic applications including data communications, highly sensitive bio- and chemical sensors, and portable analytic instruments.
M Habib Ullah
University of Malaya, Malaysia
Title: A new biodegradable organic dielectric substrate for planar antenna design
Time : 15:15-15:40
Biography:
M Habib Ullah is a Post-Doctoral Reseach Fellow in the department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Malaya, where he is a active member of Electromagnetic Radiation and Devices Research Group (EMRD). He has published more than 80 peer-reviewed papers, monographs, and book chapters. He has awared national and international prizes for his research contributions.
Abstract:
Synthesis and experimental analysis of an organic biodegradable Polybutylene succinate (PBS) based dielectric material for microwave application is presented in this paper. Due to the exceptional mechanical and high thermal deformation features, the proposed silica aerogel nanoparticle extracted from rice husk integrated with PBS has become a potential replacement of traditional polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). For experimental verification of the proposed biodegradable organic dielectric material, a new dual band yagi-like antenna is presented for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. The designed antenna is comprised of 0.17λ×0.13λ radiating patch fed a 10 mm long 2 mm wide microstrip line and reduced ground plane. The antenna is fabricated on the proposed copper laminated 1.25 mm thick biodegradable organic dielectric substrate (εr=4.5). The performance of the prototype was tested in a standard far field anechoic measurement chamber the results show that 27.78% and 23.4% bandwidths with maximum gains of 4.95 dBi and 7.26 dBi have achieved in lower and upper band respectively. Configuration of driving elements, director and the pairs of folded arm between excitation point and the driven element was optimized that reduces the length of driving poles significantly. Nearly stable radiation characteristics with proper impedance matching make the proposed antenna appropriate for universal portable RFID reader with WLAN functionality.
Bartłomiej Andrzejewski
Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
Title: Cu-Nb nanofilamental superconducting wires and nanostructured alloys
Time : 16:00-16:25
Biography:
Bartłomiej Andrzejewski is an Associated Professor and head of the Department of Ferroelectrics at the Institute of Molecular Physics Polish Academy of Sciences. His research interests focus on ferroelectrics, multiferroics, magnetic nanomaterials and on superconductivity. He teaches courses at the Institute of Molecular Physics and at Poznań University of Technology in solid state physics and superconductivity. Has published more than 100 peer-reviewed papers, and is a co-author of a few patent pending.
Abstract:
Recent advances in nanofabrication of superconducting nanowires provided excellent platforms for basic research and also test systems for applications of superconductors in confined geometries. Superconducting nanowires with diameters comparable to the superconducting coherence length become one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures that exhibit unique properties like, thermal and quantum phase slips, an “antiproximity effect”, “row” vortex lattices, mini-gap state, resistance fluctuations, shape-dependent superconducting resonances and many others. In his report we present a cold plastic working fabrication method of Cu–Nb nanocomposites by means of multiple steps of compacting and drawing of Nb rods in Cu tubes. The number of wires in these composites increases in geometric progression during subsequent drawings, which results in reduction of Nb filament cross-section. In this way, wires with the diameter 150 ïm, having more than 820,000 niobium nanofilaments of a diameter between 100 and 200 nm and hexagonally distributed in a pure copper matrix were produced. The superconducting composites exhibited enhanced critical currents determined mainly by surface vortex pinning, critical temperature close to the bulk Nb and microwave absorption due to vortex lattice motion or phase slips at Nb-Cu-Nb Josephson junctions. Other superconducting wires were fabricated by cold plastic working of Cu–Nb alloys. The nanostructure of these Cu-Nb superconducting fine wires of a diameter 87 ïm was irregular with niobium particles of globular shape and narrow filaments of the niobium-rich phase. In spite of this drawback the wires derived from Cu–Nb alloys exhibited advantageous mechanical properties and relatively high electrical conductivity.
Minh Duc Nguyen
University of Twente, The Netherlands
Title: Control of piezoelectric properties of PZT-based ferroelectric thin films on silicon through the crystal growth for mass-sensor and actuator applications
Time : 16:25-16:50
Biography:
Minh Duc Nguyen received his PhD in 2010 in Physics from University of Twente, The Netherlands. He is a Postdoctoral researcher in University of Twente. His current research focuses on various piezoelectric MEMS devices, concentrates on piezoelectric micro-diaphragms and micro-cantilevers for micro-fluidics and micro-biosensors applications. These devices are based on the epitaxial- and polycrystalline lead-based thin films, such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) and 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.33PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), and lead-free thin films such as Ba(Sr,Ti)O3 (BST), BaTiO3 (BTO), K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) and Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT), fabricated on Si wafers using pulse laser deposition (PLD) and sol-gel techniques.
Abstract:
Ferroelectric oxides, such as Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT), are very useful for electronic and photonic devices, as well as piezomechanical actuators and sensors. The ferro- and piezo-electric properties are strongly related to the crystal orientation as well as the crystal growth of the epitaxial PZT thin films. Successful integration of these devices into silicon technology is therefore not only dependent on the ability of crystal growth on silicon substrates, but also the control of the crystallographic orientation of the deposited PZT thin ï¬lm. In this study, the all-oxide piezoelectric stacks (PZT thin ï¬lms are sandwiched between oxide-electrodes) were grown on buffer-layers/silicon substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The microcantilever structures (length: 400 µm and width: 100 µm) consisting of a piezoelectric stack (electrode/PZT/electrode) grown on a seed-layer buffered 10-µm thick Si supporting beam were then fabricated by backside etching of a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The piezoelectric measurements show that the (110)-oriented PZT films with columnar grain structure have a higher longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33,f but smaller transverse piezoelectric coefficient d31,f of the (001)-oriented films with dense structure or without the clear columnar growth structure. This finding indicates that the piezoelectric properties can be changed by changing the density of the PZT. It is very important for choosing the proper film growth orientation for specific applications which require either a large in-plane (such as piezoelectric micro-machined ultrasonic transducers, micro-diaphragms and energy harvester) or out-of-plane (such as mirror structure for ultraviolet wavelengths) piezoelectric displacement.
- Smart Materials & Structures Properties
Location: Independence B
Chair
Kiyohide Wada
Swansea University, UK
Co-Chair
Jibin Jacob
Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Technology, India
Session Introduction
Kiyohide Wada
Swansea University, UK
Title: Partial transformation and the two-way shape recovery characteristics
Time : 10:40-11:05
Biography:
Kiyohide Wada received B.Eng. honours degree from University of Glasgow, United Kingdom in 1999, and the Ph.D. in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore in 2008. He was involved in various commercial satellite space programs between 2009 and 2013. Currently he is a Senior Lecturer of Aerospace Engineering Portfolio, College of Engineering at the Swansea University. His research interest includes shape memory alloys (SMAs), application of SMAs in mechanical and aerospace engineering, low-shock hold and release mechanisms, and deployable antenna structures.
Abstract:
It is widely known that two-way memory effect (TWME) is not an inherent property of shape memory alloy. The development of TWME requires thermomechanical training. Experimental study showed that undergoing partial reverse transformation in the course of training leads to the emergence of temporal two-step transformation, which was traditionally observed in the calorimetry measurement of an arrested stress-free heating cycle. The present work introduces a macromechanical approach to explain the mechanism of two-step transformation and its associated effects on stress-assisted two-way memory effect (SATWME) and TWME. The appearance of two-step transformation was observed to be a one-time only phenomenon and it clearly disappeared in the next full transformation. The disappearance of two-step transformation highlighted the occurrence of microstructural rearrangement driven by the internal stress field in the successive training cycles. A strain comparison demonstrated that the dominance of retransforming stress-assisted martensite (SAM) during cooling promoted the formation of internal back stress. This makes the accommodation process of deformation-induced martensite generated via pre-straining and SAM difficult, owing to which immobilizes the dislocations movement in the forward transformation direction, and causes detrimental effect on the TWME.
Yuta Nishina
Okayama University, Japan
Title: Chemistry of graphene oxide toward application for composite functional materials
Time : 11:05-11:30
Biography:
Yuta Nishina is an associate professor at Okayama University, Japan. He started his research on organic chemistry at Okayama University. During his Ph.D. course, he joined in the research groups in MIT and Kobe University. He obtained Ph. D. on 2010, and started his academic carrier as assistant professor at Okayama University, and promoted to associate professor on 2014. On 2012, he started to use nanocarbons, especially graphene oxide, from a view point of organic chemistry. He is involved in projects toward industrial production and practical application of graphene oxide and its composite materials. He established his venture company (NiSiNa Materials, Co. Ltd.) in 2012 to distribute graphene oxide for practical application.
Abstract:
Graphene oxide (GO) has widely been employed in various fields, but its structure and composition has still not been fully controlled. Based on the formation mechanism of GO, we have developed general strategies to control the oxidation degree of graphene-like materials with two types of methods: oxidation of graphite by KMnO4 in H2SO4 (oGO), and reduction of highly oxidized graphene oxide by hydrazine (rGO). Even though the oxygen content was the same, oGO and rGO showed different properties in adsorption ability, oxidation ability, and electron conductivity, because of the difference in persisting graphitic structure and defects. These results will be a guideline for production of tailor-made GO. Applications such as conductive films, electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and catalysts often require surface functionalization’s to improve GO’s performances. Recently, adsorbents and membranes for water purification have also been recognized as promising applications of graphene-like materials. With our tailor-made GO, we developed catalyst, membrane, lubricant additive, and anode for Li-ion battery.
Jibin Jacob
Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Technology, India
Title: Conceptualization and design of a compliant universal joint by kinematic analysis of universal joint
Time : 11:50-12:15
Biography:
Jibin Jacob is an assistant professor of Machine Design, Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Technology, Trivandrum, India. His main research areas are Computer aided design and analysis, Elastocaloric cooling effect using shape memory alloys, mechanical system designing, advanced manufacturing techniques etc. Currently, his area of interest is specifically focused on elastocaloric cooling and design of compliant mechanisms.
Abstract:
A universal joint is basically a flexible pivot point that transmits power through rotational motion between two shafts having misaligned intersecting axes. Purpose of this research is to propose and design a compliant mechanism, by analyzing the universal joint. The common design consists of two yokes, having a single bend angle, arranged with a pinion at right angles. Compliant version enables the joint with two bend angles, in two different planes. So as to achieve the compliance over the universal joint, kinematic analysis of common universal joint has been done and the results are generalized. For a common U- joint, pinion- yoke revolute have angular motion specifically for every bend angles. An important aspect of these revolutes is that, while in action they never go through complete cycles. In other words, each of these revolutes revolves only few degrees around its axis before returning to its original position. This angular motion is well studied for different bend angle combination up to 30 degree in two different planes. Based on the results, revolutes’ angular motions are generalized, and compliance over the common universal joint is achieved. This compliant mechanism can find its application as a tool holder that can create complex profiles along with rotational motion in the field of manufacturing, robotics, surgical instruments etc.
Guoyi TANG
Tsinghua University, China
Title: The effect of electropulsing induced gradient topographic oxide coating of Ti-Al-V alloy strips on the fibroblast adhesion and growth
Time : 12:15-12:40
Biography:
Guoyi Tang is professor of materials science, Advanced Materials Institute of Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, where he teaches courses in materials science frontier and engineering materials: performance, selection and design. He accumulated years of research experience when working as a visiting professor in Stuttgart University and Max-Planck Institute, Germany, University of Alaska Fairbanks and North Carolina State University, USA, and Nanyang Technology University, Singapore. His recent research interests focus on electroplastic processing technology, phase change materials, biomass and bio-degradable polymer composites, and etc. He has published more than 120 scientific papers and obtained 35 Chinese patents.
Abstract:
The effects of electropulsing induced gradient topographic oxide coating of Ti-Al-V alloy matrix strips on the fibroblast adhesion and growth were investigated. The goal in biomaterial surface modification was to possess desired recognition and specificity through modifying its surface condition like topological structure. Here we developed a unique strategy of high-energy electropulsing treatment (EPT) for manipulating surface gradient bio-functionalization of basal textured Ti-6Al-4V alloy strips with the surface gradient topographic oxide coating, which brings in the gradient distribution of surface conditions including matrix alloy, ordinary TiO2 film and TiO2 microwaves on a single strip. High-energy electropulse is frequently used as an electrically-treated method in improving the material microstructure and mechanical property. The current investigation reports firstly the surface modification under EPT aiming to improve the biocompatibility, which will meet the demand of biomaterials in different parts of human beings. Novel TiO2 microwave topological structure on the material surface resulted in better biocompatibility with more active fibroblast bio-reaction including higher cell viability, better physiological morphology and stronger adhesion binding, which is ascribed to surface chemical components, surface energy and specific surface area under EPT manipulation. Thus, the gradient functionalization of biomaterials formed within seconds under EPT in the titanium alloys could open an energy-saving and high-efficiency door to diverse biomedical applications including the tissue engineering and biological interfaces.
Guolin SONG
Tsinghua University, China
Title: The experimental exploration of sodium chloride solution on thermal behaviour of phase change materials
Time : 12:40-13:05
Biography:
Guolin Song is an associate professor of materials science, Advanced Materials Institute of Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, where he teaches courses in functional polymer materials and materials science frontier. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from Colour and Chemistry Department at University of Leeds, UK in 2006. He also carried out a 2-year postdoctoral research work in Tsinghua University, China. His recent research interests focus on phase change materials, biomass and bio-degradable polymer composites, nano-materials and nano-technology, and etc. He has published more than 40 scientific papers (mostly are SCI indexed) and obtained 6 Chinese patents.
Abstract:
Solar energy, as an inexhaustible and green natural resource, has attracted researches’ attention for its promising future in industry. However, the applications of such energy are limited due to time and space constraints. Phase change materials (PCMs) are the effective substances for thermal energy storage. Nowadays, storing solar energy in the form of latent heat by using phase change materials (PCMs) is found to be one of the latest and the most efficient energy storage technologies. Compared to other energy storage methods, one striking feature of PCMs is the high energy storage density. Unfortunately, various problems such as high supercooling degree, low crystal growth rate and poor thermal conductivity greatly hinder the large-scale utilization of PCMs. The present investigation focuses on improving the crystallization and decreasing supercooling degree by adding various proportions of NaCl/NaCl solutions into the n-octadecane-based PCMs for thermal energy storage. The experimental results show that 20 wt. % NaCl solutions have the greatest effect on the thermal performance of PCMs. The supercooling degree has been minimized up to 6°C with the addition of NaCl. It can not only promote crystallization under 1 wt. % addition rate, but also enhance latent heat storage performance. Such observations have been verified by the kinetics of crystallization. The researches on supercooling could advance the applications of PCMs on various fields including solar energy, heat recovery, battery thermal management, green building and etc.
Diana E Aznakayeva
University of Manchester, UK
Title: Graphene-based electro-optical modulators operating at telecommunication wavelength range
Time : 13:40-13:55
Biography:
Diana E Aznakayeva is 3rd year PhD student in Condense Matter Physics Group at the University of Manchester, UK. She has 43 scientific papers. Her research area are smart materials, graphene based nanoplasmonics,metamaterials and nano electro-optical devices computation, fabrication and characterization.
Abstract:
Compact and fast optical modulators with low operating voltage and low power consumption are in great demand by the telecommunication industry. The task of creating such modulators can be addressed using the unique optical and electronic properties of graphene. A staunch progress have been recently made in designing hybrid graphene-based modulators working at telecommunication wavelength range where graphene is combined with various optical heterostructures, waveguides, interferometers and graphene gating is used as a method of electro-optical control. High frequency operation and reasonable large modulation depth have been demonstrated. However, devices which combine all important ingredients (compactness, speed, low operating voltage and low power consumption) are still lacking. Here the aim of our investigation is simple graphene-based telecommunication electro-optical modulators fabrication which guarantee extremely small modulation volume (<ï¬3), work at low gating voltages (~1V), have low power consumption (<1 µW) and show modulation depth (~4 %) using a single layer of graphene. We discuss various technological aspects necessary to achieve these parameters including the problems of graphene transfer, gating along with the choice of the optimal parameters for the optical heterostructures and provide the results of electrical and optical characterization of the devices. The novelty of our approach lies in careful choice of high quality graphene monolayer and implementation of a high-k-gate dielectric which give the possibility to apply small gate biases and obtain significant electro optical modulation effect. We believe that our devices (being easily integrable into any optical scheme) could find wide range of applications in the telecommunication industry.
Nehal Ali Erfan Abdelwahab
East Carolina University, USA
Title: Systematic study of using iron oxide bearing sintering wastes for hard and soft ferrimagnetic glass ceramics preparation
Time : 13:55-14:10
Biography:
Nehal Ali Erfan Abdelwahab has completed her Master’s degree in Chemical engineering department at Minia University, Egypt. She spent two years working for her PhD in the National research center in Cairo and now she is completing her PhD study in Biomedical engineering department at East Carolina University, Greenville, USA.
Abstract:
About 25% of iron oxides in the sintering process are wasted. In this paper sintering waste (SW) were used as raw materials for hard and soft magnetic glass ceramics (H-, SMGC). About 71% by wt. of SW was used for preparing SMGC, while ~46% was used for HMGC preparation, Differential thermal analysis revealed one broad exothermic peak at 830ËšC for HMGC and at 803ËšC for SMGC. X-ray diffraction shows crystallization of hematite and Zn-ferrite phases in SW and Zn-ferrite and Ba hexaferrite in SMGC and HMGC respectively. Transmission electron microscope revealed crystallization of nanosize particles > 20nm for SMGC and < 15nm for HMGC. Vibrating scanning magnetometer revealed increasing in saturation magnetization from ~26 emu/g for SW to ~44emu/g for SMGC and decreased to ~12 emu/g for HMGC.
Fahad Alqahtani
University of Birmingham, UK
Title: Lightweight concrete containing recycled plastic aggregates
Time : 14:10-14:25
Biography:
Fahad Alqahtani obtained his B.Sc. in Civil Engineering in 2008 from King Saud University in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In 2009 he joined the University of Birmingham where he obtained M.Sc. degree in Construction Management (2010). He is currently pursuing his PhD at University of Birmingham. His research area is innovating sustainable construction materials and its potential uses in concrete. He has published one patent in synthetic aggregate for use in concrete.
Abstract:
Concrete industry needs millions of tons of aggregate comprising natural sands and gravels each year. In recent years there is an increasing trend to use recycled aggregate with a view to saving natural resources and to produce lightweight concrete. With this in mind a study was undertaken to produce an recycled plastic aggregate (RPA) from easily available materials such as waste plastic and fillers such as red sand. A laboratory study was undertaken to investigate the physical properties of RPA. Also concrete compressive strength and durability, latter in terms of chloride migration were investigated. Results for two w/c ratios with 100% replacement of conventional lightweight aggregate (LWA) with recycled plastic aggregate (RPA) showed that reduction in strengths of about 50% and about 13% reduction in chloride penetration. Nonetheless, strengths of 12 to 15 MPa were achieved, and thus it can be possible for this aggregate to be used in areas where low strengths are required, such as low side building cementations backfill and others.
Rok AmbrožiÄ
University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
Title: Novel bio-based benzoxazines prepared from cardanol
Time : 14:25-14:40
Biography:
Rok AmbrožiÄ is a researcher in the field of chemical engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. He works on design and development of new bio-based polymer materials. Recently he co-authored a paper entitled Synthesis, curing kinetics, thermal and mechanical behavior of novel cardanol-based benzoxazines published in Polymer, which summarizes his final work. He has published 2 peer-reviewed papers and some other reports. Now he finalizes his doctoral thesis, where he studied copolymers based on benzoxazine and epoxy resins.
Abstract:
The growing demand for petrol-based products and their negative impact on the environment forced both academic and industry researchers to find new renewable material for the synthesis of bio-based polymers. Their use is highly desirable, because of their low costs and eco-friendly nature. Among different renewable resources, natural phenols are one of the major and economical resources of natural chemicals. One of such naturally occurring phenol is also cardanol, which is manufactured from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). Recently, cardanol was heavily studied as starting material for the synthesis of novel bio-based polybenzoxazine resins. Polybenzoxazines are a newly developed class of thermosetting resins, which possess excellent properties such as high modulus and strength along with high glass transition temperature (Tg). Their main disadvantages are a very high temperature of curing (usually higher than 200 °C) and their low crosslink density, which is surprisingly low considering their high stiffness and Tg. To improve the crosslink density of polybenzoxazines a series of cardanol-based benzoxazine monomers with different amine compounds (aniline, furfurylamine and 4,4´-methylenedianiline) were synthesized, cured and characterized. The pre-epoxidation of cardanol was another approach to achieve a higher crosslink density of the resulting polymer material. It was found out that the introduction of additional polymerizable groups (oxazine, epoxy or furan ring) into benzoxazine molecule increased reaction enthalpy of curing and enhanced thermo-mechanical properties. Therefore, temperature of glass transitions, value of storage modulus and value of crosslink densities of final polymers were all significantly improved.
D I Adebiyi
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa
Title: Laser coating of Ti-6Al-4V with SiC-based cermet
Time : 14:40-14:55
Biography:
D I Adebiyi is a lecturer and researcher in new materials development. His research interests include laser surface engineering, cold spray coating and additive manufacturing. He is a receiver of an award for Innovation and excellence in the use of stainless steel by the Southern African Stainless Steel Development Association. He has authored many publications and has chaired plenary section in International conference
Abstract:
The application of Ti-6Al-4V in the aerospace industry is justified by its weight savings capacity, space limitation advantage, corrosion resistance and composite compatibility. Despite these excellent bulk properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, poor surface properties has always limit its extensive applications in the aerospace industry. These poor properties can be enhanced by laser coating with SiC. However, SiC coating usually has poor adherence to the substrate and are prone to cracking mainly due to thermal stress. This work investigates the effects of adding Al and Ti powders to SiC laser deposited on Ti-6Al-4V. Microstructural characterization and phase analysis were carried out using SEM/EDS and XRD. Surface hardness was measured using Vickers hardness tester. The coatings of SiC-based cermets were crack-free as opposed to that of pure SiC. The XRD results show that SiC decomposed to produce Si, Si2, SiC2, and gaseous carbon which diffuses into the matrix. These contribute to significant increase in hardness from 254.5 Hv0.3 in the native alloy to 1677.5 Hv0.3 in the coated sample
O S Fatoba
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.
Title: Improved corrosion and wear resistance of laser alloyed Zn-Sn-Ti composite coatings on UNS G10150 steel in 0.5M H2SO4 solution.
Time : 14:55-15:10
Biography:
O S Fatoba is currently a PhD researcher rounding up his doctorate degree at Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa. He holds B.S (Mechanical Engineering) degree and M.S degrees in Mechanical Engineering & Metallurgical and Materials Engineering. His research work’s on Laser Based Surface Engineering of Steels for Enhanced Service Performance as well as process optimization via Artificial Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm, Finite Element Method, Taguchi and Response Surface Models. His research experience has culminated in publications of over 16 articles in peer-reviewed Journals and several oral presentations in both local and international conferences.
Abstract:
Surface deterioration by corrosion is one of the complications associated with ageing facilities and components especially under some service environments. The research work examines the corrosion behavior of laser alloyed UNS-G10150 steel; coatings have been obtained by laser surface alloying technique. Ternary combinations of Zn-Sn-Ti metallic powders were mixed and injected onto the surface of UNSG10150 mild steel substrate under different laser processing parameters. The steel alloyed samples were cut to corrosion coupons, immersed in sulfuric acid (0.5M H2SO4) solution at 300 C using electrochemical technique and investigated for its corrosion behavior. The morphologies and microstructures of the developed coatings and uncoated samples were characterized by Optic Nikon Optical microscope (OPM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS). Moreover, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to identify the phases present. The improved properties were attributed to the formation of new corrosion phases ((Zn(OH)2, ZnO, ZnSn(OH)6, Ecandrewsite, syn(ZnTiO3), Anatase, syn(TiO2), Romarchite, syn(SnO), Zinc Tin Oxide (Zn2SnO4), Chinese white(ZnO), and fine eutectic microstructures. An improvement of 6.9-times the hardness of the steel substrate was achieved at high scanning speed which may be attributed to the fine microstructure, dislocations and the high degree of saturation of solid solution brought by the high scanning speed. The polarization resistance Rp (5388300 Ω.cm2) was 337,803-times the polarization of the UNSG10150 substrate and significant reduction in the corrosion rate was also achieved. In addendum, Response Surface Model [RSM] and Artificial Neural Network Model [ANN] were used for the optimization and modeling of the laser parameters since processing parameters played an important role in the quality of alloyed coating produced. Corresponding experimental results show a good qualitative conformity with the numerical model predictions.
- Materials Chemistry and synthesis
Location: Independence B
Chair
Hai-Feng Ji
Drexel University, USA
Session Introduction
Hai-Feng Ji
Drexel University, USA
Title: Growth of 2D black phosphorus film from chemical vapor deposition
Time : 10:00-10:25
Biography:
Hai-Feng Ji is currently professor in the Department of Chemistry at Drexel University. His research interests focus on micro/nano biosensors, MEMS devices, surface modification for sensors, and nanoassembly of organic molecules. He is currently a co-author of more than 120 peer-viewed journal articles and book chapters.
Abstract:
Phosphorene, a novel 2D material isolated from bulk black phosphorus, is an intrinsic p-type material with a variable bandgap for a variety of applications. However, these applications are limited by the inability to isolate large films of phosphorene. Here we present an in situ chemical vapor deposition type approach that demonstrates progress towards growth of large area 2D black phosphorus. Some other structures will be discussed as well.
Lu-Wen Zhang
Shanghai Ocean University, China
Title: Numerical analysis on mechanical behaviors of FG-CNT reinforced composite plates
Time : 10:25-10:50
Biography:
L W Zhang currently lectures at College of Information Science and Technology in Shanghai Ocean University. Her research areas are on theoretical development and application of numerical algorithms and computational methods for problems in mechanics, mathematics and bioscience. she has published over 50 SCI journal articles and her publications have been cited over 500 times. Her current h-index is 13 (ISI).
Abstract:
Traditionally, composites are reinforced by glass, carbon, basalt or aramid fibers; these reinforcement materials have been used for decades but the recent discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has led to a new type of CNT-reinforced composite being considered. Trailed by the concept of functionally graded materials (FGMs), the FG-CNT reinforced composite that has been proposed follows the functionally graded pattern of reinforcement, which is uniaxially aligned in the axial direction with its material properties graded in the thickness direction. In this study, the plate considered is of moderate thickness and, hence, the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and Von Kármán assumption are adopted to incorporate the transverse shear strains, rotary inertia and moderate rotations. An improved moving least-squares (IMLS) approximation for the field variables is proposed for linear and geometrically nonlinear analysis of the studied plates. The modified Newton-Raphson method combined with the arc-length iterative algorithm is employed to solve the nonlinear deformation of the FG-CNT reinforced composite plates. Improvements in computational efficiency and elimination of shear and membrane locking are achieved using a stabilized conforming nodal integration scheme to evaluate the system’s bending stiffness. Through detailed parametric studies, CNT distribution, CNTs volume fraction, aspect ratio and thickness-to-width ratio and different boundary conditions are demonstrated to effect significantly on the mechanical behaviors of FG-CNT reinforced composite plates.
Gursev Pirge
Turkish Air Force Academy, Turkey
Title: Effects of composition differences on the performance and properties of NiMnGa magnetic shape memory alloys
Time : 11:10-11:35
Biography:
Gursev Pirge is Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Aerospace Engineering at the Turkish Air Force Academy, where he teaches courses in materials science and mechanical properties of materials. He has published peer-reviewed papers, and technical reports.
Abstract:
Magnetic shape memory alloys are promising candidates as sensor and actuator materials with high actuation frequency, energy density and strain. Magnetic shape memory effect allows even 50 times greater strains than in previous magnetically controlled materials (magnetostrictives). The large strains occur due to the magnetic field induced reorientation via twin boundary motion driven by mechanical stresses and/or magnetic fields. NiMnGa alloys, with their ability to develop large strokes under precise and rapid control, offer a great potential as magnetic shape memory materials. In addition to the magnetic shape memory phenomenon, NiMnGa alloys have shown conventional shape memory effect, traditional and magnetic-field-assisted superelasticity, magnetocaloric, and special transport properties. One of the major problems with the NiMnGa alloys is that even a slight change in the alloy’s composition causes significant changes in the martensitic transformation temperature. Magnetic shape memory effect is only possible in the martensitic region, so those shifts may result in a no-strain situation. Also, brittleness is a major obstacle for the applications of NiMnGa alloys. These two factors make it imperative to analyze the effect of composition on the transformation temperatures and investigate the microstructures of various alloys. In this study, effect of alloy composition and heat treatment on the microstructure, local composition, and thermal and dilatometric properties of Ni2MnGa alloys were investigated. The results of the characterization tests of various NiMnGa alloy crystals, with and without post-crystal growth heat treatment, were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, dilatometry, optical metallography and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the study includes results about the effect of composition on the martensite transformation temperature. The results showed that as solidified, off-stoichiometric, alloys had three distinct microstructural features—a Heusler phase, a Mn-rich phase and a eutectic or eutectoid region. Various heat treatment procedures were applied to successfully remove the last phase. Heat treatment was also essential for the production of a distinct martensite transformation in differential scanning calorimetry and dilatometry traces and a magnetic shape memory effect. Composition variations from Bridgman growth were large enough that a shift in martensite start temperature might occur in some parts of the alloy, based on literature data for the dependence of martensite start temperature on composition.
Hadi Al-Lami,
University of Basra, Iraq
Title: Synthesis and thermal study of multi arms nano block copolymers via combination of ring opening polymerization and thio-click chemistry
Time : 11:35-11:50
Biography:
Hadi Al-Lami is Professor of Polymer and Ceramic Chemistry, he is working as a Head of Chemical, Biological, Radiological Safety and Security Department at College of Science/University of Basra. In addition to that, he teaches courses in advance polymer chemistry, inorganic polymers, and biomaterial chemistry. He has published more than 80 peer-reviewed papers and 10 Iraqi Patents, and two books.
Abstract:
Many new well defined narrow molecular weight distribution polymers with multi-arms have been prepared by the Ring Opening Polymerization, using lactide with the compound resulted from the reaction of mercaptoethanol with poly octavinyl silsesquioxanes (POSS) by the thio-click chemistry. They were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1HNMR and 13CNMR) and by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), where all these analyses have proved the correctness of the expected structure and compositions. On the other hand images obtained from Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) revealed the existence of nano-structures in the prepared copolymers due to the presence of the lactide array to give nanofiber within final compositions prepared. Thermal properties of prepared copolymers have been also studied. The results have demonstrated an increasing in their thermal stability with increasing chain length of lactide compound; also found that copolymers containing POSS in their composition gave higher thermal stability than those copolymers having no POSS.
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Time : 16:50 - 17:15
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Siamak Epackachi is Teaching Assistant Professor at Universty at Buffalo. He earned his Ph.D. in Structural and Earthquake Engineering from the University at Buffalo, the State University of New York (2014). In his PhD program, His research focuses on the analysis, design, and testing of steel-plate concrete composite shear walls and reinforced concrete shear walls, finite element and simplified modeling of structures, seismic performance evaluation and rehabilitation of structures, and experimental and analytical research on adhesive bonded anchor systems.
Abstract:
Steel-plate concrete (SC) composite walls consisting of steel faceplates, infill concrete and connectors have potential advantages over conventional reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls in terms of constructability and seismic performance. SC panels enable modular construction leading to potential time and cost savings over conventional reinforced concrete walls. Double skin SC wall shells can be fabricated offsite, assembled on site and filled on-site with concrete to create monolithic structure. The use of steel faceplates eliminates the need for on-site formwork and the faceplates serve as primary reinforcement. The data from cyclic loading of SC and RC walls with identical shear-to-depth ratio and reinforcement ratio tested at National Taiwan University and the DYNA analysis results are used to identify the potential advantages of SC walls over RC shear walls. The baseline DYNA model is validated using data from the tests of large-scale rectangular SC wall piers. The in-plane responses of SC and RC walls including cyclic force-displacement relationship, equivalent damping ratio, peak shear strength and its corresponding drift ratio and damage to RC and SC walls are presented and discussed. The results of this study indicate that the SC walls can be considered as an efficient alternative for conventional reinforced concrete shear walls.
Lee D Wilson
University of Saskatchewan, CANADA
Title: Tuning the Physicochemical Properties Polysaccharides via Cross-linking Conditions
Biography:
Lee D Wilson (Ph.D. Chemistry) is Associate professor Chemistry, at the University of Saskatchewan with research interests in a variety of areas such as Physical Chemistry and Materials Science. He is currently researching the development of new types of materials (e.g., molecular sponges) that will have a tremendous impact on areas such as the environment, biotechnology, medicine, chemical delivery/separation systems, and membrane materials for water purification. He completed PhD in Physical Chemistry from the University of Saskatchewan (1998) and is the recipient of several scientific and community awards.
Abstract:
Polyurethanes (PUs) were prepared by cross-linking β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with two different types of diisocyanates, respectively. Materials with diverse structural and textural properties were obtained by varying the rate of diisocyanate addition: rapid (R) or drop-wise (D; 0.1 mL/min). Characterization of the structural and textural properties was investigated by spectroscopic (1H NMR in solution, solid state 13C CP-MAS solids NMR, dynamic light scattering, UV-vis, and IR), thermogravimetric analysis, powder x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The accessibility of the β-CD inclusion sites of the polymers was independently evaluated using an equilibrium dye adsorption method at equilibrium and in parallel with a kinetic dye-based uptake method. The characterization methods strong support that drop-wise additions affords materials with greater cross-linking relative to the rapid addition method. Herein, we report the first example of a cross-linked polyurethane containing β-CD with tunable structure and physicochemical properties, according to the mode of cross-linker addition (R versus D) to control the reaction conditions.
Bartlomiej Salski
Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Title: Non-destructive testing of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer materials with an inductive sensor
Biography:
Bartlomiej Salski is Assistant Professor at the Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Tehnology at the Warsaw University of Technology, where he teaches courses in electromagnetics. His interests are focused on computational electromagnetics, microwave characterization of materials, non-destructive testing of composite materials, and nonlinear optics. He has published more than 80 peer-reviewed papers, conference papers, and book chapters.
Abstract:
Non-destructive radio-frequency inductive testing technique, based on coupled spiral inductors manufactured on a printed circuit board, is one of promising methods applicable to the monitoring of the structural health of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer materials. That technology is shown to be relatively inexpensive due to simple dielectric printing technology applied to the development of sensors. It also allows speeding up the measurements substantially, as the application of the array of sensors is straightforward and incurs low cost. The throughput of the overall inspection is of essential importance in the case of large surfaces, like aircraft fuselage, which are still challenging to the alternative non-destructive testing techniques.
Niyazi Özgür Bezgin
Istanbul University, Turkey
Title: An experimental evaluation to determine the required thickness of passive fire protection layer for high strength concrete tunnel segments
Biography:
Niyazi Özgür Bezgin is Professor of Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering at the Istanbul University, where he teaches courses in advanced transportation structures, structural prefabrication and design of high speed railways. He has published more than 30 peer-reviewed papers.
Abstract:
This paper considers the use of high strength concrete segments for tunnels constructed by the tunnel boring method. High strength concrete enables the attainment of high early strength levels required for segment handling and increases the segment durability compared to segments designed by ordinary strength concrete. However, in the event of a tunnel fire, the increased concrete strength of the segments increases their likelihood of spall compared to segments fabricated by ordinary strength concrete. Therefore, determination of the passive fire protection requirements must take into account the strength of the protected concrete. This paper will present and include a discussion of the results of small-scale fire exposure tests conducted to determine the required thickness of passive fire protection layer for the evaluated high strength concrete tunnel segments.
Rupa Dasgupta
CSIR-AMPRI, India
Title: A comparative study of different alloying addition and its variation on the properties affecting shape memory properties of Cu–12.5Al–5Mn alloy
Biography:
Rupa Dasgupta is Senior principal Scientist at CSIR-AMPRI, Bhopal, India and Professor of AcSIR, India. In her research career of over 30 years she has been associated with R&D in metallic materials. Her focus has been on design, synthesis, processing and characterising Al-alloys, Al-alloy based composites, Cu-based shape memory materials and Mg alloys. Her research activities also include designing wear resistant materials for the mining and agricultural sector and electromagnetic forming. Her cedit around 100 research paper publications and six chapters in books.
Abstract:
A known shape memory alloy Cu-12.5Al-5Mn has been chosen for the present study and different alloying additions that are expected to affect the shape memory properties added in different quantities from 1 to 3% to the base alloy with intent to study their effectiveness. Such additions and its variation have been found to be very effective in affecting properties affecting shape memory behaviour like martensitic formation and transition temperatures. It has been found that addition of Zn and Ni up to 2% is beneficial but the properties deteriorate when increased to 3%. Adding Mg and Si does not improve properties of the base alloy. Increasing quantity of Fe and Ti results in a steady improvement but Cr has a mixed effect on property improvement. However it is difficult to suggest which alloying element among the seven additions studied would perform the best except to say that the transformation temperatures can be manipulated by choosing a proper alloying addition in a specific amount.
Gyuyong Kim
Chungnam National University, Korea
Title: Proposal of prediction model on mechanical properties of concrete at elevated temperature with coarse aggregate type
Biography:
Gyuyong Kim is Professor of Building materials and Construction, Department of Architectural Engineering at the Chungnam National University. He has published many peer-reviewed papers, monographs.
Abstract:
The coarse aggregates and loading conditions play an important role in mechanical properties of concrete at elevated temperature. Therefore, effects of loading conditions and coarse aggregate type on the mechanical properties of concrete at elevated temperature are investigated in this study. As results, light weight aggregate concrete displayed a higher residual compressive strength than normal weight aggregate concrete under thermal load condition. Normal weight aggregate concrete suffered from a large number of cracks at its interior at high temperatures, while the interior of the light weight aggregate concrete demonstrated fewer cracks because of the voids in its interior to the mitigation of thermal expansion stress. Based on the results, unlike existing model for fire resistance design of concrete, model for compressive strength at elevated temperature of concrete and thermal strain considering types of coarse aggregate and loading condition of structure was proposed in this study.
Tinku Basu
Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, India.
Title: Label free electrochemical piezoelectric immunosensor for aflatoxin B1 detection based on self-assembled thin film
Biography:
Tinku Basu is professor and Dy. Director in Amity Institute of Nanotechnology. She has done Graduation in chemistry from Preside ncy College, and Int. M.Tech in Polymer Science and Engineering from Calcutta University. She did her Ph.D from IIT, Kharagpur in the year 1993. She has done her Post DOC in National Physical Laboratory, Pusa in Delhi. She has got 6 years research expe rience in National Laboratories. She has got 28 National and International Publications and she has attended more than 50 National and International Conferences. She has filed 6 complete patents. She has written a book on Text Book of Engineering Chemistry . She has reviewed 2 books. Her area of teaching is Polymer Science and Technology, Functionalization of Nano Materials, Industrial Application of Nano Materials Mol ecular Nanotechnology, Biosensors, Nano Materials in Theruptic and diagnosis
Abstract:
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent carcinogenic mycotoxin, is of great concern due to their frequent occurrence in foods and their severe health effects on animals and humans. Immunosensor is tremendous potential tool for a real time, smart and reliable detection of AFB1. AFB1 being small and neutral molecule, label free detection of AFB1 in desired range is a challenge. A simple, label free electrochemical piezoelectric immunosensor based on monoclonal Aflatoxin B1 antibody (aAFB1) realized on self-assembled of 4-aminothiophenol monolayer on gold coated quartz crystal was developed for the detection of AFB1 with a LOD of 0.012ngmL-1 . The label free detection of AFB1 may perhaps be achieved due to perfect orientation of aAFB1 on the surface and aromatic П electron structure of 4-ATP providing a direct contact between the electrode and AFB1. Further attempt is made to enhance immunoresponse by employing two strategies (i) enhancement of electron transfer rate by inclusion of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in the matrix and (ii) to follow a competitive sandwich protocol via metal nanoparticle-secondary antibody hybrid system. In the first approach, a multi layered immunoelectrode was designed by successive deposition of hexanedithiol (HDT), AuNP 3d network, cysteamine (cys) monolayer and finally covalently linked aAFB1 to fabricate BSA/aAFB1/Cys/AuNP/HDT/Au immunoelectrode with LOD of 8pg mL-1. A wide linear range coupled with LOD of 8pg mL-1 may be attributed to AuNP 3d network and perfect orientation of AFB1. In the second approach, an Au coated iron oxide core shell nanostructure- poly clonal antibody conjugate(r-IgG-Au-Fe3O4) was synthesized and a competitive sandwich mode was followed. The linear range of AFB1/BSA/aAFB1/4-ATP/Au immunosensor lay within from 0.05-5 ngmL-1 The unique feature of the immunosensor is its regeneration up to 15-16 times with 2-3% loss in activity using a strong external magnet(Fig.1). The BSA/aAFB1/4-ATP/Au immunoelectrode has been successfully utilized to detect AFB1 in contaminated groundnuts extract with the minimum error. The results as obtained by the electrode are in agreement with the LC-MS/MS results.
Nirmalya Karar
CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, India
Title: Some degradation issues in reinforced concrete in tropical areas
Biography:
N Karar is a Senior Scientist at CSIR-NPL, New Delhi, India, where he works on surface analysis of materials and other materials science aspects. He has published more than 30 peer-reviewed papers etc.
Abstract:
Building materials and their usage depend on the climatic conditions of an area. In the Indian context, concrete based roofing and reinforced concrete structures have gradually replaced all other brick and mortar based structures, whenever people can afford these. A major reason is the touted long life of reinforced concrete based structures. Most Indians spend a substantial part of their savings in building a house with a permanent durable roof, which is expected to last at least a few generation. The earlier roofing method was lime mortar covering over stone slates/slabs, supported by wood, stone or steel beams. These have been gradually replaced with reinforced concrete, due to their supposed long life, touted to be a few hundred years. However, in many parts of India, these do not last beyond 50 years or so. In contrast, famous reinforced concrete structures of Europe based on Portland cement have lasted for 120 to 150 years. The Roman era concrete structures have lasted two thousand years or so. So it needs to be understood why this construction principle often fails in tropical India with a much heavier rainfall and peculiar climatic and ground water conditions. The issue to be looked at is: a ) is it about not adapting the methodology properly or b ) is it an issue about other parameters which are absent in the European and American scenario. As a preliminary study, some locations in Delhi national capital region were studied which are quite badly affected where severe cracks appeared in all buildings requiring urgent extensive repairs in all concrete components, including roofing and columns. The steel rebars had totally degraded and separated out from the cementing material. These cross-sections were tested across the radius for understanding the corroding material and to pin point their source. The experimental technique used was TOF-SIMS. The components for concrete preparation are cement, sand, steel rebars, stone and water used extensively. All these areas also had non - potable ground water, which had also been used extensively for construction. The same salt impurities that were present in water in large quantities were also found in the outer regions of the degraded steel rebars. So as correlation, it was surmised that these salts presence of water slowly degrades the concreting material and also the steel rebars inside. The methodology is slow chemical etching. However, the chemical parameters for cement can in reality also fluctuate a lot while the components for sand used are not always known in the Indian context. The content of salt in ground water also varies a lot all over India and changes with time. More extensive analysis is under progress.
Björn Höhlig
Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Title: Temperature-controlled heating and hardening of fresh concrete with an innovative high-frequency technology
Biography:
Björn Höhlig is research associate at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Leipzig University of Applied Sciences. He received his PhD from the Technical University of Dresden and was Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of Cape Town. His research topics are the dielectric heating of construction materials with radio waves, the specific material characteristics of concretes in construction, as well as structure and joint investigations.
Abstract:
CO2 emissions, energy costs and cement consumption in the production of precast concrete elements can be decreased substantially with the aid of radio wave heat treatment, an innovative high-frequency (HF) technique for the controlled heating of fresh concrete. This procedure generates a second internal heat source, alongside hydration heat, by applying radio wave technology (the operating principle is similar to that of microwaves) during the concrete curing process. An accelerating hardening of the concrete will be achieved. The application of HF technology and, in particular, electromagnetic waves in the radio-frequency range to heat treating fresh concrete and to enhance its early strength is an efficient, energy-saving alternative to conventional heat treatment procedures. This is possible by heating the fresh concrete in a targeted, homogeneous way and by avoiding sluggish heat conduction processes as the dominant means of heat induction. From a concrete technology point of view, an extremely precise controlling of the concrete’s temperature offers the advantage of maintaining strict adherence to limiting temperatures. This means that problems with durability (e.g. secondary ettringite formation) can be avoided and long-term damage to the concrete elements prevented. It is also worth mentioning the point that optimum conditions can be attained in each complete component because of the temperature profile’s homogeneity, which must be appreciated as a unique feature of the radio wave procedure.
Jianying Li
Xi’an Jiaotong University, China
Title: Enhanced breakdown field in CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics: Effect of in-situ secondary phase
Biography:
Jianying was born in Shannxi, China in 1972. He received his B.S, M.S degrees in High Voltage and Insulation Technology, and Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Xi'an Jiaotong University in 1993, 1996 and 1999. Immediately after he got his Ph. D degree in 1999, he was employed as a lecturer in School of Electrical Engineering at Xi’an Jiaotong University, where he became an associate professor in 2004, and then a professor from 2008 until now. During Oct. 2000~Oct. 2001, he was a visiting scholar in Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at University of Southampton, United Kingdom. His major research fields are the key insulating materials in power equipment, with focus on the correlation between dielectric performance and defect structure. He received Natural Science Award (First Prize) by Ministry of Education, China in 2014, for his work on the characteristics methodology of point defect structures in varistor ceramics. He is presently an IEEE Senior Member, and the vice secretary of engineering dielectric committee of China Electrical Institute of Technology. He has published 54 SCI-indexed and 75 EI-indexed papers, which have been indexed by SCI papers for 178 times. He was approved 13 patents for invention, and involved in the publication of 2 books.
Abstract:
The electric breakdown field of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics has been enhanced by one order, i.e. from the conventional 1.0-2.0 kV/cm to 21kV/cm. Such great enhancement, associated with lower and relatively flat dielectric loss at low frequency, was arisen from a secondary phase of CuAl2O4, which was introduced by dispersion-precipitation of Al2O3 around CCTO powders and optimized sintering process. As comparisons, CuAl2O4 powder was also directly added to prepare CCTO-CuAl2O4 composite ceramics. For both in-situ and direct methods, the highest breakdown fields can be found in the samples sintered at 1100oC for 4 h with 50 mol% CuAl2O4, while the direct sample exhibited lower breakdown field than in-situ sample. It is indicated that this enchantment can be attributed to both the blocking effect of secondary phase and consumption of Cu-rich phase of in-situ reaction to avoid abnormal growth during sintering. The performance of grain boundary can be described well by the Schottky barrier model. It is found that the activation energy of hopping conduction at grain boundary is increased from 0.60 eV to 0.81 eV due to the secondary phase, which consequently leads to enhanced breakdown field.