Day 3 :
- Materials Chemistry and synthesis
Location: Independence B
Chair
Hai-Feng Ji
Drexel University, USA
Session Introduction
Hai-Feng Ji
Drexel University, USA
Title: Growth of 2D black phosphorus film from chemical vapor deposition
Time : 10:00-10:25
Biography:
Hai-Feng Ji is currently professor in the Department of Chemistry at Drexel University. His research interests focus on micro/nano biosensors, MEMS devices, surface modification for sensors, and nanoassembly of organic molecules. He is currently a co-author of more than 120 peer-viewed journal articles and book chapters.
Abstract:
Phosphorene, a novel 2D material isolated from bulk black phosphorus, is an intrinsic p-type material with a variable bandgap for a variety of applications. However, these applications are limited by the inability to isolate large films of phosphorene. Here we present an in situ chemical vapor deposition type approach that demonstrates progress towards growth of large area 2D black phosphorus. Some other structures will be discussed as well.
Lu-Wen Zhang
Shanghai Ocean University, China
Title: Numerical analysis on mechanical behaviors of FG-CNT reinforced composite plates
Time : 10:25-10:50
Biography:
L W Zhang currently lectures at College of Information Science and Technology in Shanghai Ocean University. Her research areas are on theoretical development and application of numerical algorithms and computational methods for problems in mechanics, mathematics and bioscience. she has published over 50 SCI journal articles and her publications have been cited over 500 times. Her current h-index is 13 (ISI).
Abstract:
Traditionally, composites are reinforced by glass, carbon, basalt or aramid fibers; these reinforcement materials have been used for decades but the recent discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has led to a new type of CNT-reinforced composite being considered. Trailed by the concept of functionally graded materials (FGMs), the FG-CNT reinforced composite that has been proposed follows the functionally graded pattern of reinforcement, which is uniaxially aligned in the axial direction with its material properties graded in the thickness direction. In this study, the plate considered is of moderate thickness and, hence, the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and Von Kármán assumption are adopted to incorporate the transverse shear strains, rotary inertia and moderate rotations. An improved moving least-squares (IMLS) approximation for the field variables is proposed for linear and geometrically nonlinear analysis of the studied plates. The modified Newton-Raphson method combined with the arc-length iterative algorithm is employed to solve the nonlinear deformation of the FG-CNT reinforced composite plates. Improvements in computational efficiency and elimination of shear and membrane locking are achieved using a stabilized conforming nodal integration scheme to evaluate the system’s bending stiffness. Through detailed parametric studies, CNT distribution, CNTs volume fraction, aspect ratio and thickness-to-width ratio and different boundary conditions are demonstrated to effect significantly on the mechanical behaviors of FG-CNT reinforced composite plates.
Gursev Pirge
Turkish Air Force Academy, Turkey
Title: Effects of composition differences on the performance and properties of NiMnGa magnetic shape memory alloys
Time : 11:10-11:35
Biography:
Gursev Pirge is Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Aerospace Engineering at the Turkish Air Force Academy, where he teaches courses in materials science and mechanical properties of materials. He has published peer-reviewed papers, and technical reports.
Abstract:
Magnetic shape memory alloys are promising candidates as sensor and actuator materials with high actuation frequency, energy density and strain. Magnetic shape memory effect allows even 50 times greater strains than in previous magnetically controlled materials (magnetostrictives). The large strains occur due to the magnetic field induced reorientation via twin boundary motion driven by mechanical stresses and/or magnetic fields. NiMnGa alloys, with their ability to develop large strokes under precise and rapid control, offer a great potential as magnetic shape memory materials. In addition to the magnetic shape memory phenomenon, NiMnGa alloys have shown conventional shape memory effect, traditional and magnetic-field-assisted superelasticity, magnetocaloric, and special transport properties. One of the major problems with the NiMnGa alloys is that even a slight change in the alloy’s composition causes significant changes in the martensitic transformation temperature. Magnetic shape memory effect is only possible in the martensitic region, so those shifts may result in a no-strain situation. Also, brittleness is a major obstacle for the applications of NiMnGa alloys. These two factors make it imperative to analyze the effect of composition on the transformation temperatures and investigate the microstructures of various alloys. In this study, effect of alloy composition and heat treatment on the microstructure, local composition, and thermal and dilatometric properties of Ni2MnGa alloys were investigated. The results of the characterization tests of various NiMnGa alloy crystals, with and without post-crystal growth heat treatment, were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, dilatometry, optical metallography and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the study includes results about the effect of composition on the martensite transformation temperature. The results showed that as solidified, off-stoichiometric, alloys had three distinct microstructural features—a Heusler phase, a Mn-rich phase and a eutectic or eutectoid region. Various heat treatment procedures were applied to successfully remove the last phase. Heat treatment was also essential for the production of a distinct martensite transformation in differential scanning calorimetry and dilatometry traces and a magnetic shape memory effect. Composition variations from Bridgman growth were large enough that a shift in martensite start temperature might occur in some parts of the alloy, based on literature data for the dependence of martensite start temperature on composition.
Hadi Al-Lami,
University of Basra, Iraq
Title: Synthesis and thermal study of multi arms nano block copolymers via combination of ring opening polymerization and thio-click chemistry
Time : 11:35-11:50
Biography:
Hadi Al-Lami is Professor of Polymer and Ceramic Chemistry, he is working as a Head of Chemical, Biological, Radiological Safety and Security Department at College of Science/University of Basra. In addition to that, he teaches courses in advance polymer chemistry, inorganic polymers, and biomaterial chemistry. He has published more than 80 peer-reviewed papers and 10 Iraqi Patents, and two books.
Abstract:
Many new well defined narrow molecular weight distribution polymers with multi-arms have been prepared by the Ring Opening Polymerization, using lactide with the compound resulted from the reaction of mercaptoethanol with poly octavinyl silsesquioxanes (POSS) by the thio-click chemistry. They were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1HNMR and 13CNMR) and by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), where all these analyses have proved the correctness of the expected structure and compositions. On the other hand images obtained from Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) revealed the existence of nano-structures in the prepared copolymers due to the presence of the lactide array to give nanofiber within final compositions prepared. Thermal properties of prepared copolymers have been also studied. The results have demonstrated an increasing in their thermal stability with increasing chain length of lactide compound; also found that copolymers containing POSS in their composition gave higher thermal stability than those copolymers having no POSS.
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Title: smartmaterials@conferenceseries.net
Time : 16:50 - 17:15
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Siamak Epackachi is Teaching Assistant Professor at Universty at Buffalo. He earned his Ph.D. in Structural and Earthquake Engineering from the University at Buffalo, the State University of New York (2014). In his PhD program, His research focuses on the analysis, design, and testing of steel-plate concrete composite shear walls and reinforced concrete shear walls, finite element and simplified modeling of structures, seismic performance evaluation and rehabilitation of structures, and experimental and analytical research on adhesive bonded anchor systems.
Abstract:
Steel-plate concrete (SC) composite walls consisting of steel faceplates, infill concrete and connectors have potential advantages over conventional reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls in terms of constructability and seismic performance. SC panels enable modular construction leading to potential time and cost savings over conventional reinforced concrete walls. Double skin SC wall shells can be fabricated offsite, assembled on site and filled on-site with concrete to create monolithic structure. The use of steel faceplates eliminates the need for on-site formwork and the faceplates serve as primary reinforcement. The data from cyclic loading of SC and RC walls with identical shear-to-depth ratio and reinforcement ratio tested at National Taiwan University and the DYNA analysis results are used to identify the potential advantages of SC walls over RC shear walls. The baseline DYNA model is validated using data from the tests of large-scale rectangular SC wall piers. The in-plane responses of SC and RC walls including cyclic force-displacement relationship, equivalent damping ratio, peak shear strength and its corresponding drift ratio and damage to RC and SC walls are presented and discussed. The results of this study indicate that the SC walls can be considered as an efficient alternative for conventional reinforced concrete shear walls.
Lee D Wilson
University of Saskatchewan, CANADA
Title: Tuning the Physicochemical Properties Polysaccharides via Cross-linking Conditions
Biography:
Lee D Wilson (Ph.D. Chemistry) is Associate professor Chemistry, at the University of Saskatchewan with research interests in a variety of areas such as Physical Chemistry and Materials Science. He is currently researching the development of new types of materials (e.g., molecular sponges) that will have a tremendous impact on areas such as the environment, biotechnology, medicine, chemical delivery/separation systems, and membrane materials for water purification. He completed PhD in Physical Chemistry from the University of Saskatchewan (1998) and is the recipient of several scientific and community awards.
Abstract:
Polyurethanes (PUs) were prepared by cross-linking β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with two different types of diisocyanates, respectively. Materials with diverse structural and textural properties were obtained by varying the rate of diisocyanate addition: rapid (R) or drop-wise (D; 0.1 mL/min). Characterization of the structural and textural properties was investigated by spectroscopic (1H NMR in solution, solid state 13C CP-MAS solids NMR, dynamic light scattering, UV-vis, and IR), thermogravimetric analysis, powder x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The accessibility of the β-CD inclusion sites of the polymers was independently evaluated using an equilibrium dye adsorption method at equilibrium and in parallel with a kinetic dye-based uptake method. The characterization methods strong support that drop-wise additions affords materials with greater cross-linking relative to the rapid addition method. Herein, we report the first example of a cross-linked polyurethane containing β-CD with tunable structure and physicochemical properties, according to the mode of cross-linker addition (R versus D) to control the reaction conditions.
Bartlomiej Salski
Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Title: Non-destructive testing of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer materials with an inductive sensor
Biography:
Bartlomiej Salski is Assistant Professor at the Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Tehnology at the Warsaw University of Technology, where he teaches courses in electromagnetics. His interests are focused on computational electromagnetics, microwave characterization of materials, non-destructive testing of composite materials, and nonlinear optics. He has published more than 80 peer-reviewed papers, conference papers, and book chapters.
Abstract:
Non-destructive radio-frequency inductive testing technique, based on coupled spiral inductors manufactured on a printed circuit board, is one of promising methods applicable to the monitoring of the structural health of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer materials. That technology is shown to be relatively inexpensive due to simple dielectric printing technology applied to the development of sensors. It also allows speeding up the measurements substantially, as the application of the array of sensors is straightforward and incurs low cost. The throughput of the overall inspection is of essential importance in the case of large surfaces, like aircraft fuselage, which are still challenging to the alternative non-destructive testing techniques.
Biography:
Niyazi Özgür Bezgin is Professor of Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering at the Istanbul University, where he teaches courses in advanced transportation structures, structural prefabrication and design of high speed railways. He has published more than 30 peer-reviewed papers.
Abstract:
This paper considers the use of high strength concrete segments for tunnels constructed by the tunnel boring method. High strength concrete enables the attainment of high early strength levels required for segment handling and increases the segment durability compared to segments designed by ordinary strength concrete. However, in the event of a tunnel fire, the increased concrete strength of the segments increases their likelihood of spall compared to segments fabricated by ordinary strength concrete. Therefore, determination of the passive fire protection requirements must take into account the strength of the protected concrete. This paper will present and include a discussion of the results of small-scale fire exposure tests conducted to determine the required thickness of passive fire protection layer for the evaluated high strength concrete tunnel segments.
Biography:
Rupa Dasgupta is Senior principal Scientist at CSIR-AMPRI, Bhopal, India and Professor of AcSIR, India. In her research career of over 30 years she has been associated with R&D in metallic materials. Her focus has been on design, synthesis, processing and characterising Al-alloys, Al-alloy based composites, Cu-based shape memory materials and Mg alloys. Her research activities also include designing wear resistant materials for the mining and agricultural sector and electromagnetic forming. Her cedit around 100 research paper publications and six chapters in books.
Abstract:
A known shape memory alloy Cu-12.5Al-5Mn has been chosen for the present study and different alloying additions that are expected to affect the shape memory properties added in different quantities from 1 to 3% to the base alloy with intent to study their effectiveness. Such additions and its variation have been found to be very effective in affecting properties affecting shape memory behaviour like martensitic formation and transition temperatures. It has been found that addition of Zn and Ni up to 2% is beneficial but the properties deteriorate when increased to 3%. Adding Mg and Si does not improve properties of the base alloy. Increasing quantity of Fe and Ti results in a steady improvement but Cr has a mixed effect on property improvement. However it is difficult to suggest which alloying element among the seven additions studied would perform the best except to say that the transformation temperatures can be manipulated by choosing a proper alloying addition in a specific amount.
Gyuyong Kim
Chungnam National University, Korea
Title: Proposal of prediction model on mechanical properties of concrete at elevated temperature with coarse aggregate type
Biography:
Gyuyong Kim is Professor of Building materials and Construction, Department of Architectural Engineering at the Chungnam National University. He has published many peer-reviewed papers, monographs.
Abstract:
The coarse aggregates and loading conditions play an important role in mechanical properties of concrete at elevated temperature. Therefore, effects of loading conditions and coarse aggregate type on the mechanical properties of concrete at elevated temperature are investigated in this study. As results, light weight aggregate concrete displayed a higher residual compressive strength than normal weight aggregate concrete under thermal load condition. Normal weight aggregate concrete suffered from a large number of cracks at its interior at high temperatures, while the interior of the light weight aggregate concrete demonstrated fewer cracks because of the voids in its interior to the mitigation of thermal expansion stress. Based on the results, unlike existing model for fire resistance design of concrete, model for compressive strength at elevated temperature of concrete and thermal strain considering types of coarse aggregate and loading condition of structure was proposed in this study.
Tinku Basu
Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, India.
Title: Label free electrochemical piezoelectric immunosensor for aflatoxin B1 detection based on self-assembled thin film
Biography:
Tinku Basu is professor and Dy. Director in Amity Institute of Nanotechnology. She has done Graduation in chemistry from Preside ncy College, and Int. M.Tech in Polymer Science and Engineering from Calcutta University. She did her Ph.D from IIT, Kharagpur in the year 1993. She has done her Post DOC in National Physical Laboratory, Pusa in Delhi. She has got 6 years research expe rience in National Laboratories. She has got 28 National and International Publications and she has attended more than 50 National and International Conferences. She has filed 6 complete patents. She has written a book on Text Book of Engineering Chemistry . She has reviewed 2 books. Her area of teaching is Polymer Science and Technology, Functionalization of Nano Materials, Industrial Application of Nano Materials Mol ecular Nanotechnology, Biosensors, Nano Materials in Theruptic and diagnosis
Abstract:
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent carcinogenic mycotoxin, is of great concern due to their frequent occurrence in foods and their severe health effects on animals and humans. Immunosensor is tremendous potential tool for a real time, smart and reliable detection of AFB1. AFB1 being small and neutral molecule, label free detection of AFB1 in desired range is a challenge. A simple, label free electrochemical piezoelectric immunosensor based on monoclonal Aflatoxin B1 antibody (aAFB1) realized on self-assembled of 4-aminothiophenol monolayer on gold coated quartz crystal was developed for the detection of AFB1 with a LOD of 0.012ngmL-1 . The label free detection of AFB1 may perhaps be achieved due to perfect orientation of aAFB1 on the surface and aromatic П electron structure of 4-ATP providing a direct contact between the electrode and AFB1. Further attempt is made to enhance immunoresponse by employing two strategies (i) enhancement of electron transfer rate by inclusion of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in the matrix and (ii) to follow a competitive sandwich protocol via metal nanoparticle-secondary antibody hybrid system. In the first approach, a multi layered immunoelectrode was designed by successive deposition of hexanedithiol (HDT), AuNP 3d network, cysteamine (cys) monolayer and finally covalently linked aAFB1 to fabricate BSA/aAFB1/Cys/AuNP/HDT/Au immunoelectrode with LOD of 8pg mL-1. A wide linear range coupled with LOD of 8pg mL-1 may be attributed to AuNP 3d network and perfect orientation of AFB1. In the second approach, an Au coated iron oxide core shell nanostructure- poly clonal antibody conjugate(r-IgG-Au-Fe3O4) was synthesized and a competitive sandwich mode was followed. The linear range of AFB1/BSA/aAFB1/4-ATP/Au immunosensor lay within from 0.05-5 ngmL-1 The unique feature of the immunosensor is its regeneration up to 15-16 times with 2-3% loss in activity using a strong external magnet(Fig.1). The BSA/aAFB1/4-ATP/Au immunoelectrode has been successfully utilized to detect AFB1 in contaminated groundnuts extract with the minimum error. The results as obtained by the electrode are in agreement with the LC-MS/MS results.
Nirmalya Karar
CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, India
Title: Some degradation issues in reinforced concrete in tropical areas
Biography:
N Karar is a Senior Scientist at CSIR-NPL, New Delhi, India, where he works on surface analysis of materials and other materials science aspects. He has published more than 30 peer-reviewed papers etc.
Abstract:
Building materials and their usage depend on the climatic conditions of an area. In the Indian context, concrete based roofing and reinforced concrete structures have gradually replaced all other brick and mortar based structures, whenever people can afford these. A major reason is the touted long life of reinforced concrete based structures. Most Indians spend a substantial part of their savings in building a house with a permanent durable roof, which is expected to last at least a few generation. The earlier roofing method was lime mortar covering over stone slates/slabs, supported by wood, stone or steel beams. These have been gradually replaced with reinforced concrete, due to their supposed long life, touted to be a few hundred years. However, in many parts of India, these do not last beyond 50 years or so. In contrast, famous reinforced concrete structures of Europe based on Portland cement have lasted for 120 to 150 years. The Roman era concrete structures have lasted two thousand years or so. So it needs to be understood why this construction principle often fails in tropical India with a much heavier rainfall and peculiar climatic and ground water conditions. The issue to be looked at is: a ) is it about not adapting the methodology properly or b ) is it an issue about other parameters which are absent in the European and American scenario. As a preliminary study, some locations in Delhi national capital region were studied which are quite badly affected where severe cracks appeared in all buildings requiring urgent extensive repairs in all concrete components, including roofing and columns. The steel rebars had totally degraded and separated out from the cementing material. These cross-sections were tested across the radius for understanding the corroding material and to pin point their source. The experimental technique used was TOF-SIMS. The components for concrete preparation are cement, sand, steel rebars, stone and water used extensively. All these areas also had non - potable ground water, which had also been used extensively for construction. The same salt impurities that were present in water in large quantities were also found in the outer regions of the degraded steel rebars. So as correlation, it was surmised that these salts presence of water slowly degrades the concreting material and also the steel rebars inside. The methodology is slow chemical etching. However, the chemical parameters for cement can in reality also fluctuate a lot while the components for sand used are not always known in the Indian context. The content of salt in ground water also varies a lot all over India and changes with time. More extensive analysis is under progress.
Björn Höhlig
Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Title: Temperature-controlled heating and hardening of fresh concrete with an innovative high-frequency technology
Biography:
Björn Höhlig is research associate at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Leipzig University of Applied Sciences. He received his PhD from the Technical University of Dresden and was Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of Cape Town. His research topics are the dielectric heating of construction materials with radio waves, the specific material characteristics of concretes in construction, as well as structure and joint investigations.
Abstract:
CO2 emissions, energy costs and cement consumption in the production of precast concrete elements can be decreased substantially with the aid of radio wave heat treatment, an innovative high-frequency (HF) technique for the controlled heating of fresh concrete. This procedure generates a second internal heat source, alongside hydration heat, by applying radio wave technology (the operating principle is similar to that of microwaves) during the concrete curing process. An accelerating hardening of the concrete will be achieved. The application of HF technology and, in particular, electromagnetic waves in the radio-frequency range to heat treating fresh concrete and to enhance its early strength is an efficient, energy-saving alternative to conventional heat treatment procedures. This is possible by heating the fresh concrete in a targeted, homogeneous way and by avoiding sluggish heat conduction processes as the dominant means of heat induction. From a concrete technology point of view, an extremely precise controlling of the concrete’s temperature offers the advantage of maintaining strict adherence to limiting temperatures. This means that problems with durability (e.g. secondary ettringite formation) can be avoided and long-term damage to the concrete elements prevented. It is also worth mentioning the point that optimum conditions can be attained in each complete component because of the temperature profile’s homogeneity, which must be appreciated as a unique feature of the radio wave procedure.
Jianying Li
Xi’an Jiaotong University, China
Title: Enhanced breakdown field in CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics: Effect of in-situ secondary phase
Biography:
Jianying was born in Shannxi, China in 1972. He received his B.S, M.S degrees in High Voltage and Insulation Technology, and Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Xi'an Jiaotong University in 1993, 1996 and 1999. Immediately after he got his Ph. D degree in 1999, he was employed as a lecturer in School of Electrical Engineering at Xi’an Jiaotong University, where he became an associate professor in 2004, and then a professor from 2008 until now. During Oct. 2000~Oct. 2001, he was a visiting scholar in Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at University of Southampton, United Kingdom. His major research fields are the key insulating materials in power equipment, with focus on the correlation between dielectric performance and defect structure. He received Natural Science Award (First Prize) by Ministry of Education, China in 2014, for his work on the characteristics methodology of point defect structures in varistor ceramics. He is presently an IEEE Senior Member, and the vice secretary of engineering dielectric committee of China Electrical Institute of Technology. He has published 54 SCI-indexed and 75 EI-indexed papers, which have been indexed by SCI papers for 178 times. He was approved 13 patents for invention, and involved in the publication of 2 books.
Abstract:
The electric breakdown field of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics has been enhanced by one order, i.e. from the conventional 1.0-2.0 kV/cm to 21kV/cm. Such great enhancement, associated with lower and relatively flat dielectric loss at low frequency, was arisen from a secondary phase of CuAl2O4, which was introduced by dispersion-precipitation of Al2O3 around CCTO powders and optimized sintering process. As comparisons, CuAl2O4 powder was also directly added to prepare CCTO-CuAl2O4 composite ceramics. For both in-situ and direct methods, the highest breakdown fields can be found in the samples sintered at 1100oC for 4 h with 50 mol% CuAl2O4, while the direct sample exhibited lower breakdown field than in-situ sample. It is indicated that this enchantment can be attributed to both the blocking effect of secondary phase and consumption of Cu-rich phase of in-situ reaction to avoid abnormal growth during sintering. The performance of grain boundary can be described well by the Schottky barrier model. It is found that the activation energy of hopping conduction at grain boundary is increased from 0.60 eV to 0.81 eV due to the secondary phase, which consequently leads to enhanced breakdown field.