International Conference and Expo on Smart Materials & Structures June 15-17, 2015 Las Vegas, USA

Reza Razeghifard received his PhD in 1997 from the Australian National University working on spectroscopic studies of light reactions of photosystem II protein leading to water oxidation. He continued his research interests in studying photosynthetic proteins in algae as a postdoctoral fellow at the university of Minnesota and research fellow at the Australian National University. He is currently Chemistry Major Chair and Associate Professor of Chemistry at Nova Southeastern University.

One approach to construct photo-electrochemical devices is to assemble oriented layers of photoactive pigments on electrode surfaces. The proper orientation of pigments for creating the directional electron transfer and wiring them to the electrode surface requires a scaffold. As the starting point, a peptide scaffold was used to bind chlorin pigments. The photo-activity of the chlorin attached to the peptide was measured in the presence of several quinones as the external electron acceptors. The data showed that the photoactivity of complex was dependent on the type of quinone and modulated as the result of the net charge on the peptide surface. Fixing of peptide complexes on the electrode surface can be achieved by the introduction of thiol groups into the scaffold. The devices constructed from these photoactive complexes can function as solar energy converters and photoswitches in electronic circuits.

Rynno Lohmus done his PhD in physics Application of novel hybrid methods in SPM studies of nanostructural materials 2002. He is working as a Project manager for Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Centre (ENCC), & Senior Researcher at Institute of Physics, University of Tartu since 2005. He had published more than 43 publication in reputed journals

Ionic liquids (IL) have shown impressive anti-wear and lubrication properties as compared with common lubrication oils in general use. ILs are suitable in extremely harsh friction conditions where high thermal stability and chemical inertness is required. In recent times different type of nanoparticles have gained much attention as anti-wear and extreme pressure additives to lubrication oils. Reasons behind this phenomenon include the remarkable tribological behavior of nanoparticles even at severe frictional conditions, and their self-repair capability to the worn surface, and good environmental-friendliness. The aim of the present study is to covalently functionalize carbon nanotubes (CNT) with IL via esterification reaction and therefore obtain improved dispersions of CNTs in IL. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on the direct esterification of COOH functionalized CNTs with IL, other previously reported methods involve hazardous thionyl chloride and/or more synthesis steps. Also the applicability of carbon nanotube/IL composites as novel protective lubricating films for metal wear parts was investigated.

Deog-Gyu Seo has completed his Ph.D. at the age of 34 years from Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. He is the Associate Professor and Program Director of Department of Conservative dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University. He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.

An ideal root canal filling material should be easy to remove. Safe, successful and effective removal of root filling materials is an integral component of non-surgical root canal retreatment. The unique properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) are in contrast with many of the drawbacks of previously popular pastes/cements. However, since MTA also sets hard, removal may be difficult if not impossible. Although the need to investigate the ability to remove MTA root fillings has been stressed, no such reports have been published yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of specially formulated chemicals for the removal of MTAs in vitro. Four types of MTA cements were used: OrthoMTA, ProRoot MTA, MTA-Angelus, and Bioaggregate. Cements were mixed with distilled water according to the manufacturers’ instructions. After mixing for 30 seconds, each cement was placed into a polyethylene mold (length = 5mm, diameter = 2 mm). Each mold containing the MTA cements was soaked in the solution of specially formulated chemicals after one day. The amount of dissolution after 3 minutes for each mold was evaluated. Only OrthoMTA was totally removed by the solution of specially formulated chemicals. OrthoMTA can be completely removed from the root canal system by the solution for retreatment.

Sang-Woo Kang have completed Ph. D in the Chemical Engineering from POSTECH, S. Korea in 2004 and worked as a researcher at U. Colorado at Boulder. He had worked at Samsung Electronics and after 2 years he moved to KRISS (Korea Research Institute of Science and Standards. He has published more than 50 papers in the field of the new materials and processes for semiconductor devices and has been serving as the chief of vacuum technique committee in Korea Vacuum Society in 2015.

Two-dimensional (2-D) materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides have been received great attention in the field of transparent, flexible and stretchable electronics. In particular, graphene has been widely used as transparent electrode for flexible and stretchable electronics due to its excellent electrical/mechanical properties and high optical transparency. However, graphene is not suitable for being used as semiconductor materials in transistor devices due to its zero band-gap. As alternative to graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is promising material for transistors due to its large band gap. Furthermore, MoS2 films have excellent mechanical properties such as high elastic modulus (0.33 TPa) and breaking strength (23 GPa). Owing to their good mechanical properties, stretchable MoS2 films have been studied. Here, we fabricated MoS2 patterns on the substrate for the application of stretchable transistors.

Won Seok Choi received his Ph.D. degree from Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea, in 2006. After his Ph.D., he has continued his research at Center for Advanced Plasma Science and Technology as a postdoc fellow. In 2007, he joined the faculty of the Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Korea. His research interests include synthesis and application of nanomaterials.

In this study, the effects of post-plasma treatment on synthesized carbon nanowalls (CNWs) grown with a microwave were investigated. CNWs were synthesized by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), employing a mixture of CH4 and H2 gases. The plasma treatment was done in different plasma environments (O2 and H2) but under the same condition of synthesized CNWs. Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to analyze the effects of the post-plasma treatment on the synthesized CNWs. After the H2 post-plasma treatment, no significant changes in the appearance and characteristics of the CNWs were observed. After the O2 post-plasma treatment, on the other hand, the CNWs were etched at a rate of 18.05 nm/sec. The Raman analysis confirmed, however, that the structural changes in the CNWs caused by the O2 post-plasma treatment were insignificant.

Yeun-Ho Joung received his Ph.D. degree from Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA, in 2003. His research interests include material development for medical device with MEMS technology. Currently, he is an associate professor at Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Korea.

In this paper, the mechanical and the optical characteristics of a novel hydrophilic coating material are introduced according to the film thickness. Because a waterbased SiO2-abundant material has perfect transparency, as does glass, and a hydrophilic property, it can be used as a protection glass for a solar cell module. The film thickness was controlled by spray coating process. After the coating process, the material was cured at around 200 degree Celsius for 30 minutes. The hardness of the film was measured using the ASTM D3363 test method, and the adhesion of the film was tested using the ASTM D3359 method. The surface conditions of the film were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact-angle measurements. A UV-visible spectrometer was used to measure the optical transmittance of the film.

Feel-soon Kang received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Pusan National University, Busan, Korea, in 2000 and 2003, respectively. From 2003 to 2004, he was with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, as a Postdoctoral Fellow. Since September 2004, he has been with the Department of Electronics and Control Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Korea, as a Professor. His research activities include the area of power electronics, including the design and control of various power conversion systems for display, renewable energy, electric vehicles, and submarines

Variable capacitors using dual piezoelectric actuation bridges of in-plane polarized lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films are demonstrated. The in-plane polarized PZT films make it possible to develop d33 mode bending devices which lead to about two times improvement in strain performance. And dual actuation mechanism is adopted to improve reliability of devices. The PZT thin film, deposited on Au structural layer using RF magnetron sputtering method, was poled and driven with interdigitated electrodes (IDE) to exploit d33 mode actuation. The fabricated capacitors show that the variable ranges are wide of more than 80% of its initial value under low driving voltages.

Cortes is an Assistant Professor in the Chemical Engineering Program at Youngstown State University. His PhD is in Materials Science and Engineering and his areas of interest are: composite materials, smart structures, additive manufacturing and sensors. He has published several papers in reputed journals in the area of mechanics, composite structures and adaptive materials.

The present research program has studied the morphing properties of a shape memory composite (SMC) constituted by an array of shape memory alloys (SMAs) based Nitinol tubes, embedded in a shape memory polyurethane matrix. In this study, the Nitinol tubes were subjected to a two-way shape memory effect (SME) process, in order to control the actuation properties of the smart composite. It has been observed that two way trained SMA tubes, successfully induced a morphing performance on the composite following a heating-cooling process. The initial results suggest that the actuation behavior of the SMC strongly depends on the tubular fluid heating rate, as well as on the temperature difference between the glass transition temperature of the matrix and the activation temperate of the alloy. Finite Element (FE) Analysis on the tubular composite has also been performed. The thermo-mechanical actuation model appears to successfully simulate the morphing performance of the adaptive composite. The FE analysis showed that the temperature profile in the SMC exhibits an exponential decay along the width axis during the heating-cooling cycle, which induces some degree of restriction on the full deformation of the composite. The model suggests that a linear tubular arrangement with spacing in the range of three millimeters would yield a uniform temperature distribution along the width and thickness of the SMC. The current study provides the elementary design parameters for future developments of morphing structures based on tubular shape memory composites.

Jun Oh Kim received the Ph.D. degree in physics from Kyunghee University, Korea, in 2010. His research interests include physics and development of infrared optoelectronic devices, including semiconductor detectors, lasers, and photovoltaic devices. He specializes in III-V semiconductor growth, device fabrication, and characterization. He has been an author for more than 30 publications in various in peer reviewed journal, participated in multiple conferences.

Infrared photodetector can be used for a variety of applications in the industrial, security, military, scientific, and medical areas. Various device materials been used for the growth of infrared device structures, such as quantum dots, quantum well and Type-II superlattices (T2SL). InAs/GaSb T2SLs are a considerable interest the last decade as a promising candidate in middle and long infrared photodetector and imaging application. InAs/GaSb T2SL was proposed by Sai-Halase et al. in 1977 [1]. The T2SL is formed by alternating InAs and GaSb layer over several periods. These structure have broken-gap energy alignment, where the separation of electrons and holes into the InAs and GaSb, respectively. The T2SL can be easily tuning optical and electronic properties by varying the layer thickness. One of major challenge is the control of overall strain, caused by the small lattice mismatch between InAs and GaSb. In this study, we report on the optical and electrical device performance of T2SL based infrared photodetectors. The T2SL of p-i-n structure were grown using molecular beam epitaxy with As2 and Sb2 cracker source on a n-type GaSb substrate. We used an InSb interfacial layer for the strain compensation. The high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are used for structural and optical characterization. The cut-off wavelength of T2SL was red shifted (~0.14 μm) at 77 K due to the InSb interfacial layer. In order to demonstrate the effect of InSb interfacial layer were compared using the dark current.

Tae Hwan Oh has completed his PhD at the age of 29 years from Seoul National University. He works for Yeungnam University, Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of Korean Fiber Society.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as conductive polymer has been widely used for various electrical compartments such as photovoltaics, solar cell, electronic displays, organic light emitting diodes, and touch panels etc. [1-3] Most applications of PEDOT:PSS are as coating material on the wafer such as silicone. Recently, studies on nanofibrous web made of PEDOT:PSS have been attention due to their various applicability. However, the electrospinning of only PEDOT:PSS is not easy due to its poor viscosity to form fibrous materials. To increase the spinnability of PEDOT:PSS solution, a blend of additional polymer is necessary and the polymer should be water soluble because PEDOT:PSS is suspended in water medium. In this work, two different methods for constrained and unconstrained annealing were compared to investigate the effect of annealing methods on the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS/polymer composite nanofibers. Two water soluble polymers of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were selected to blend with PEDOT:PSS solution.