Day 3 :
- Smartness of Civil Engineering and Intelligent Structures & Smart and Biological Materials in Humans
Location: Flamingo-2
Chair
K N Hui
Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
Session Introduction
K N Hui
Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
Title: Bimetallic Pd-Pt/graphene aerogel on nickel foam as binder-free anodic electrode for electro-oxidation of ethanol
Time : 10:00-10:30
Biography:
K N Hui is an Associate Professor at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Pusan National University in South Korea. His current research focuses on synthesis of hierarchical carbon/graphene materials as well as on the development of 3D hierarchical metal oxide materials as advanced electrode materials for energy storage and conversion applications. His research has led to one US patent, 7 Korea patents, four review papers, three book chapters, 86 peer-reviewed SCI journal papers. He has served as guest editor/member of the editorial board of a number of journals.
Abstract:
Fuel cell is one of the most effective devices for energy conversion with low pollution characteristics that can overcome the pollution problems caused by the consumption of fossil fuels. Direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) is one of the most widely investigated fuel cells owing to their high efficiency, low pollutant emission, low operation temperature, ease of handing and transportation, and its non-toxic features.A green and simple method was developed to prepare Pd/Pt alloy NPs (at different ratios based on at%) loaded graphene aerogel coated on nickel foam (Pd-Pt/GA/NF) as binder-free anodic electrodes for the electro-oxidation of ethanol. The morphology, chemical composition, and electrochemical performance of the electrodes were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X- ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The results indicated that the Pd/Pt ratio (1:2.9, 1:1.31, 1:1.03), mean particle size, size distribution, and loading of Pd-Pt alloy NPs on GA were dependent on the initial concentration of PtCl62− ions in the synthesis. The current density and the poisoning tolerance ability of the electrodes were increased when the Pd/Pt ratio of the electrodes was changed from 1:2.9 to 1:1.03 due to the synergetic effect of the binary Pd-Pt alloy NPs on the electrode and the small particle size of Pd-Pt alloy NPs. The Pd1Pt1.03/GA/NF electrode showed good activity in the electro-oxidation of ethanol with high stability over 1000 cycles.
Shiquan Tao
West Texas A&M University, USA
Title: Immunomagnetic separation combined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for quick detection of Salmonella in raw eggs
Time : 10:30-11:00
Biography:
Shiquan Tao completed his PhD in Chemistry from Hiroshima University, Japan. He is an Associate Professor of Chemistry at West Texas A&M University with research interest in the development of fiber optic chemical/biochemical sensors for monitoring industrial processes, environmental monitoring as well as for quick detecting foodborne pathogens. Before joining the faculty at WTAMU, he was a research faculty at the Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory of Mississippi State University in charge of the institute’s fiber optic sensor research program for US DOE’ Office of Science’s Environmental Management Program.
Abstract:
An immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method was developed for separating Salmonella bacteria from large-volume samples of raw eggs. An egg was homogenized with a blender. The homogenized egg material was diluted with a 0.05% Triton X-100 solution to make a 200 mL sample mixture. Anti-Salmonella typhimurium antibody coated magnetic micro particles (MMP) were used to trap Salmonella typhimurium bacteria in the sample mixture. The Salmonella-trapped MMP were separated from the egg sample mixture by using a large magnet. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was adopted and revised for detecting the bacteria trapped onto the MMP. Horseradish peroxidase labeled anti-Salmonella typhimurium antibody was used to label the trapped bacteria, and a SureblueTM solution was used as a substrate. The color compound resulted from horseradish peroxidase catalyzed reaction was detected with UV/Vis absorption spectrometry using a 1 cm sample cell. This simple method can detect 1.4x107 Salmonella typhimurium cells in one raw egg (7.0*104 Salmonella cells/mL in a sample mixture) without any pre-enrichment. The method is quick, can obtain test results within 5 hours. The results presented in this poster demonstrate the feasibility of using IMS for separating bacteria from large volume complex samples, which could be adopted for detecting bacteria in other type samples in food safety inspection.
Theresa O Egbuchunam
Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Nigeria
Title: Characterization and modification of clay materials, solid-phase reactions of organic molecules intercalated in clay minerals and their utilization in contaminant attenuation
Time : 11:15-11:45
Biography:
Theresa O Egbuchunam, is a scientist with a proven technical track record in teaching and research in chemistry at the tertiary level, has research experience in polymer materials, environmental pollution and control management. She is an Associate Professor of Materials Chemistry and presently a member of the Governing Council, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria. She also has extensive research experience in the chemistry of polymer materials and has written and published extensively in local and international journals.
Abstract:
The substitution of cations in the interlayer region of clay with different amounts of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was carried out with the aim of synthesizing an organoclay which represents a new class of materials that may find application in waste water treatment. Clay materials from Otedo, in Ughelli South in Delta State in Southern Nigeria, was purified and subjected to a procedure used for organoclay synthesis comprising: washing, drying, sieving, cation exchange and drying. The modified clay samples were characterized by infra-red (IR) spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). An increase, albeit slight, in the basal spacing of the modified clay material indicates the intercalation of organic moiety between the layers of kaolinite. SEM images show modification with the intercalation of the organic surfactant as there was a reduction in the clay particle size and agglomeration. The frequency shifts of the absorption bands in the ranges of 1700 – 1600 cm-1 and 3700 – 3600 cm-1 from the FTIR spectra provide additional evidence resulting from the replacement of hydrated cations (free and interlayer water) by the organic surfactant. The reduced moisture content in the organoclays as observed after thermal treatment indicates that the hydrophilicity of the surface of the kaolinite clay was greatly reduced.
Yuri Aristov
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russia
Title: Smart functional adsorbents: a harmonization approach
Time : 11:45-12:15
Biography:
Yuri Aristov is a professor of physical chemistry and the head of the Group of Energy Accumu-lating Materials and Processes at the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis (BIC), Novosibirsk, Russia. He received his M.Sc. degree from the Moscow Physico-Technical Institute in 1977, and his doctoral and habilitation degrees from BIC (1984 and 2003). He contributed to the fields of radiation chemistry, low-temperature electron tunneling, fractal analysis of porous solids, and thermochemical transformation of heat. He is currently working on novel composite adsorbents for adsorptive chilling, gas drying, and maintaining relative humidity in museums. He has published 1 monograph, 200 papers, and 26 patents.
Abstract:
Adsorption phenomena are known from ancient times and still attract increasing attention for both industrial processes and everyday life. By now, numerous technological applications of adsorbents (gas/liquid separation/purification, gas storage, heat transformation, drug delivery, life support systems on a spacecraft, air conditioning, etc.) are quite advanced. Nevertheless, there is still a big room for their further improvement. In our opinion, the main direction of this improvement could be related to harmonization of the adsorbent with the specific process. Two ways of the harmonization are considered: (a) screening of already available adsorbents to select one, the properties of which fit better (even if not perfectly) the particular adsorptive process and (b) nanotailoring of a novel adsorbent with predetermined properties adapted to the given process. The main idea of the latter approach is that for each adsorptive technology (process, cycle) and its particular conditions there is an optimal adsorbent (OA), the properties of which could enable perfect performance of this process or cycle. Here, we first analyze what exactly the OA is. Quantitative requirements to the adsorbents optimal for several selected applications (gas drying, heat transformation/storage, maintaining relative humidity in museums, shifting equilibrium of catalytic synthesis, extraction of water from atmospheric air) are formulated in terms of the Dubinin adsorption potential and isobar shape. Then, we briefly consider how to synthesize a real material with adsorption properties close to those of the OA. Metal-organic frameworks, aluminophosphates and composite sorbents "salt in porous matrix" are considered as examples.
Shahria Alam
The University of British Columbia, Canada
Title: Seismic Applications of Shape Memory Alloys in Steel Buildings: A Review
Time : 12:15-12:45
Biography:
Shahria Alam is an Associate Professor in the School of Engineering at The University of British Columbia’s Okanagan campus. He received his PhD in Structural Engineering from the University of Western Ontario in 2008. His research interests include sustainable construction and smart materials for structural applications and seismic rehabilitation. He published more than 100 peer reviewed papers and is the recipient of many national and international awards. He has also delivered several keynote speeches in international conferences on smart materials. Currently he is serving as a Chair of the Concrete Structures sub-Committee of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering (CSCE), and also a member of several international code committees.
Abstract:
Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are a class of metallic alloys with unique properties suitable for various civil engineering applications. SMAs are known for their capabilities to undergo large deformations while returning to their original undeformed shape through stress removal (superelasticity) or heating (shape memory effect). These desirable characteristics have attracted the interests of civil and structural engineers. Over the past three decades, several applications have been proposed and investigated for seismic response mitigation of steel buildings using SMAs in the forms of bars, wires, shells, and plates. In addition to providing supplemental damping, SMAs are used in civil infrastructures to mainly provide self-centering (i.e, return the structure back to its original position). As a result of this self-centering performance, residual deformations are eliminated in the building, even after severe earthquake events. Consequently, repair costs are significantly reduced following earthquakes. Here, a state-of-the-art review of the research on SMA-based damping and recentering devices, isolation devices, bracing systems, and structural retrofit and rehabilitations in steel braced frames and moment frames is presented. First, a general brief introduction of shape memory alloys is provided. Afterwards, the literature review is presented in three main sections, including numerical works, experimental works, and numerical studies along with experimental works. The challenges that exist for the practical applications of smart materials in buildings are also discussed. Based on the literature review, recommendations are provided for future research in this field.