6^th International Conference on Smart Materials & Structures April 16-17, 2018 Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

Morgan Advanced Materials (LSE: MGAM) is a UK-headquartered global manufacturer of specialized engineered products made from carbon, advanced ceramics and composites. It was the fi rst European strategic partner for the graphene activities at the University of Manchester National Graphene Institute, Morgan being recognized by Manchester for having the product engineering and design expertise required to commercialize the materials developed at the NGI. After being educated as a chemical engineer, Richard Clark has been with Morgan for 30 years, developing and commercializing materials across the spectrum of Morgan’s portfolio, most recently focusing on materials related to energy. Richard was part of Morgan’s team engaged with the University of Cambridge developing electrolytically produced carbon nanomaterials and has continued his involvement in this fi eld in collaboration with Morgan’s team at the Manchester NGI.

Since the ground-breaking article in Science in October 2004 describing the occurrence, isolation and potential signifi cance of graphene, there has been a huge interest in developing industrially scalable methods of manufacture from bottom-up and top-down routes. One such top-down route developed for the mass manufacture of graphene involves electrochemical exfoliation. Th is can be conducted in anodic (oxidative) and cathodic (reductive) regimens, with the latter more suitable for production of higher quality (containing fewer defects) graphene, but hindered by lower effi ciency and yield. This makes the selection of an appropriate electrolyte particularly important. Previous work has shown that graphene prepared by electrochemical exfoliation can be simultaneously functionalized with groups tailored to improve solubility in aqueous systems. In this case, functionalization signifi cantly enhances the specifi c capacitance of the material when used as an electrode in super capacitors.Th is presentation details the expansion of this work in two ways.Firstly, it shows the relative characteristics of diff erent types of electrolyte and suggests a mechanism for the performance in each case. Secondly, it details the use of the preferred electrolyte with appropriate additional reagents in the exfoliation of graphite and simultaneous functionalization of the product graphene with metal nanostructures, specifi cally various morphologies of gold and cobalt.Th e metal-functionalized graphene sheets show high catalytic activity and stability when used as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions. Other uses of these materials are found in fl exible electronics, in biosensing and in biomedicine. Th e methods demonstrated can be readily extended to functionalize graphene with other metal salts or mixtures of metal salts, further expanding the applicability. Functionalization of graphene with metal nanostructures, gold (top) and cobalt (bottom). Th e inset pictures show the color change of the electrolyte as electrolysis time increases.

Hossein Sojoudi is an Assistant Professor in the Mechanical, Idustrial, and Manufacturing Engineering Department at the University of Toledo. Prior to joining UT, he was a Postdoctoral Associate and Lecturer in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with a joint appointment in the Chemical Engineering Department. Prior to MIT, Hossein was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Georgia Institute of Technology, where he obtained his PhD as well in Mechanical Engineering with a Minor in Materials Science. He received several awards including the Materials Research Society Best Presentation Award, Prestigious Ann Robinson Clough Grant, and several other awards from MIT

We present an electrochromic device (ECD) fabricated using PEDOT:PSS and graphene as active conductive electrode films and a fl exible compliant polyurethane substrate with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifl uoromethylsulfonyl) imide (EMI-TSFI) additive, as ionic medium. Th is device with a docile, elastic intermediate substrate along with a transparency controlled PEDOT:PSS fi lm provides a wide color contrast and fast switching rate. We harness wrinkling instability of graphene to achieve a hydrophobic nature without compromising transparency of the ECD. Th is mechanical self-assembly approach helps in controlling the wavelength of wrinkles generated by inducing measured prestrain conditions and regulating the modulus contrast by selection of underlying materials used, hereby controlling the extent of transparency. Th e reduction and oxidation switching times for the device were analyzed to be 5.76 s and 5.34 s for a 90% transmittance change at an operating DC voltage of 15 ± 0.1 V. Strain dependent studies show that the performance was robust with the device retaining switching contrasts even at 15% uniaxial strain conditions. Our device also exhibits superior antiwetting properties with an average water contact angle of 110° ± 2° at an induced radial prestrain of 30% in the graphene fi lm. A wide range color contrast, flexibility, and antiwetting nature of the device envision its uses in smart windows, visors, and other wearable equipment where these functionalities are of outmost importance for developing new generation of smart interactive devices.

Mineo Hiramatsu is a Full Professor of Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and the Director of Research Institute, Meijo University, Japan. He served as the Director of The Japan Society of Applied Physics. His main fi elds of research are plasma diagnostics and plasma processing for the synthesis of thin films and nanostructured materials. Author of more than 100 scientifi c papers and patents on plasma processes for materials science. Member of organizing and scientifi c committees of international conferences on plasma chemistry and plasma processing. Japan Society of Applied Physics Fellow

Graphene (monolayer and few layers) is a two-dimensional material with the large anisotropy between in-plane and outof-plane directions. Carbon nanowalls (CNWs) are few-layer graphenes with open boundaries, standing vertically on a substrate. Th e sheets form a self-supported network of mazelike-wall structures. CNWs and similar graphene structures can be synthesized by several plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) techniques. CNWs are sometimes decorated with metal nanoparticles and biomolecules. Th e structure of CNWs with large surface area would be suitable for the platform in electrochemical and biosensing applications. CNW fi lms can be potentially used as electrodes of electrochmical sensor,capacitor, dye-sensitized solar cell, polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), and implantable glucose fuel cell (GFC). Among these, CNW electrodes in fuel cells should be decorated with catalytic nanoparticles such as Pt. From a practical point of view, control of CNW structures including spacing between adjacent nanowalls and crystallinity is signifi cantly important. Moreover, formation method of catalytic metal nanoparticles should be established. We carried out CNW growth using PECVD employing CH4/H2/Ar mixtures with emphasis on the structure control of CNWs. We report the eff ects of ion bombardment and catalytic metals on the nucleation of vertical nanographenes to realize active control of interspace between adjacent walls. Moreover, CNW surface was decorated with Pt nanoparticles by the reduction of chloroplatinic acid or by the metal-organic chemical deposition employing supercritical fl uid. We also report the performances of hydrogen peroxide sensor, PEFC and GFC, where CNW electrode was used.

Chemical designing on nano-materials in molecular level would be a promising route to create new hybrid materials and to control various properties of nano- and molecular materials. Organometallic compounds have been a center of molecular catalysts with preeminent catalytic activity and selectivity in a wide range of chemical transformations. As carbonbased nanomaterials, such as graphene-based materials, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nitrides, are sterically bulky, and they exhibit a wide spectrum of electrical properties, they can dramatically tune the catalytic behavior of transition metal-based active species. Hybridization of organometallic complexes with graphene-based materials can give rise to enhance catalytic performances. In this presentation, I will discuss my recent research activities on the fundamental chemistry of carbon-based nano-materials as well as catalytic applications

K.V. Madhuri has completed her PhD at the age of 27 years from Sri Venkateswara University and postdoctoral studies from Universite de Moncton, CANADA. She is the Assoc. Professor &Assoc.Dean of Research & Development, in an esteemed University. She has published 19 papers in reputed national/international journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of reputed journals. She had presented about 27 research papers in national/International conferences. In addition to this, she had delivered invited talks in reputed institutes/conferences/Workshops/Orientation programs. She had recently fi nished a project under young Scientist scheme by Department of Science &Technology, New Delhi, India.

Transition metal oxides (TMO) is an interesting group of solid materials with a wide variety surface structures which affect the surface energy of these compounds and infl uence the chemical properties, optical, electrical and magnetic properties. Th e unusual properties of these oxides are due to the unique nature of outermost d-electrons. Th e general formulae of transition metal oxides MnO2n±1 where M represents the transition metal. Th ey have two dimensional vander Waal’s bonded layered structures (Ex:V2O5,MoO3--) or three dimensional frame work tunnel structures (Ex:WO3, LiCoO2----) which lead the materials for their applications in the fi eld of Electrochromic and opto electronic devices. Th e combination of solid state materials science with thin fi lm technology has signifi cantly reduced the size of component and leads to miniaturization of display devices in the emerging technology.
 

TMOs can be deposited as thin fi lm by Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) like thermal, electron beam , sputtering, so on and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) techniques like sol-gel, spin coating, spray pyrolisis so on. Th in fi lm deposition in  PVD technique consists of three major phases. In the fi rst phase, the material should be in the proper form to deposit. In the second stage, it is transported through the medium and in the third stage it should deposit on the substrate to form a continuous fi lm. Depending on the deposition parameters such as oxygen partial pressure, substrate temperature etc., one can deposit amorphous, polycrystalline and nanocrystalline thin fi lms for their eff ective utilization in devices. Th ese fi lms will be characterized for their composition, structure, morphology, vibrational and optical studies by using X-ray photo electron spectroscopy, X-ray Diff raction, Atomic force microscopy, InfraRed Spectroscopy , Raman Spectroscopy and UV-VIS Spectroscopy.

Larry G Christner received his Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University in 1972 followed by 5 years at United Technologies Corporation working on carbon deposition in steam reforming and materials development for fuel cells. He spent the next 23 years at Fuel Cell Energy starting as Manager of materials science and was later promoted as Vice President. He retired in 2001 and started LGC Consultants LLC.

Microporous and mesoporous carbons are excellent materials for any energy applications. As capacitors, they exhibit high power, a large life cycle, high reliability, and low cost. Coconut shell carbons dominate this market because of their low cost. The large surface areas of these carbons also make them useful in many adsorption and catalytic systems. Th e pore structure of these carbons allows special selective processes to be carried out such as separation of O2/N2, CO2/H2O, Butene/Isobutene and many other processes. The detailed parameters of each process play an important role in the selectivity and effectiveness of the process.

 

In the work presented, some of the most important parameters are discussed for microporous and saran fibers at temperatures from 200^oC to 1000^oC. These materials exhibited adsorption characteristics of 4A angstrom and 5A angstrom molecular sieves. Activated diff usion is shown to be the dominant factor for exclusion of specifi c molecules. Th e dynamic size and shape of the molecules determines the observed amount of adsorption at a specifi c time and temperature. It can be concluded that when the molecular dimensions are close to the sizer and shape of the pores, the most important factors that determine the observed adsorption are time, temperature, relative pressure, and the diff usion path length.

Taiichi Otsuji received the Doctorate,Engineering degree from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan in 1994. He has been a professor at RIEC, Tohoku University, Japan since 2005 after working for Kyushu Institute of Technology(1999-2005) and NTT Laboratories (1984-1999), Japan. He is authored and co-authored 250 peer-reviewed journals. He was awarded the Outstanding Paper Award of the 1997 IEEE GaAs IC Symposium, and has been served as an IEEE Electron Device Society Distinguished Lecturer since 2013. He is a Fellow of the IEEE, a senior member of the OSA, and a member of the MRS, SPIE, JSAP, and IEICE.

Graphene has attracted considerable attention due to its massless and gapless energy spectrum. We designed and fabricated our original distributed-feedback dual-gate graphene-channel fi eld-eff ect transistor (DFB-DG-GFET). Th e DG-GFET structure serves carrier population inversion in the lateral p-i-n junctions under complementary dual-gate (Vg1,2) biased and forward drain-source (Vd) biased conditions, promoting spontaneous broadband incoherent THz light emission. The tooth-brash-shaped DG forms the DFB cavity having the fundamental mode at 4.96 THz, which can transcend the incoherent broadband LED to the single-mode lasing action. Th e GFET channel consists of a few layer (non-Bernal) highest-quality

epitaxial graphene, providing an intrinsic fi eld-eff ect mobility exceeding 100,000 cm2/Vs. Fourier-transform far-infrared spectroscopy revealed the THz emission spectra for the fabricated samples under population inversion conditions; one sample exhibited a 1-7.6-THz broadband, rather intense (~80 μW) amplifi ed spontaneous emission and the other sample did a weak (~0.1 μW) single mode lasing at 5.2 THz both at 100K. Introduction of the graphene plasmonics in vdW 2D heterostructures is a key to increase the operating temperature and radiation intensity. Asymmetric dual-grating-gate metasurface structures may promote plasmonic superradiance and/or plasmonic instabilities, giving rise to giant THz gain enhancement at plasmonic resonant frequencies. Further improvement will be given by a gated double-graphene-layer (G-DGL) nanocapacitor vdW 2D heterostructures. Exploitation of the graphene plasmonics in vdW 2D heterostructures will be the key to realize roomtemperature,intense THz lasing.

Kun Lian, Obtained his M.S. and Ph.D. in Material Science and Engineering from Louisiana State University, in 1992 and 1995 respectively. Lian worked as Postdoctoral Research Follower at University Michigan at Ann Arbor after receiving his Ph.D. from 1997, Kun Lian jointed Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices, Louisiana State University/Southern University; as Assistant Professor, Associate Professor and Professor. In 2012, Lian jointed School of Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering, Suzhou, Xi’an Jiaotong University as professor and deputy dean until now.

Biological systems found in nature provide excellent examples of highly controlled and organized architectures that generate complex materials. Using these materials and their unique microstructures as templates to produce nano-structured materials can result in some special results that manmade templates can rarely/can’t achieve at current time.Th is presentation will demonstrate an innovative technology to produce the copper-carbon-core-shell nanoparticles (CCCSNs) using cellulose as templates (US Patent No.: US8,828,485 B2). Th e technology relies on reducing the Cu+2 ions by absorbing them in the cellulose (C6H10O5)n structures of natural fi bers and then, going through carbonization and refi ning processes to produce the CCCSNs. In contrast to the conventional methods, the nanoparticles made from this technology are core/shell structures in nature and dispersible in both water and organic solvents (such as oil) with very low cost. CCCSNs possesses many special properties that commercially available copper nanoparticles couldn’t have. CCCSNs have high physical/chemical stabilities and form the Cu<=>Cu2O equilibrium system without forming cupric oxide, which is signifi cant since cuprous oxide is an optical catalyst material with relatively low bandgap (2.137eV).Th e most unique property is the regeneration behavior of CCCSNs, when treated with reducing environment, the Cu<=>Cu2O system will return to pure copper status with no signifi cant changes in particle size distribution or core-shell structure. Because of the excellent stability, superior performance and low cost, CCCSNs have been tested as anti-bacteria; anti-termite; anti-algea and as an optical catalyst for volatile organic compounds (VOC) treatment reagents and achieved outstanding results.

Mohammed got his bacholer’s degree in Physics in 2006 from Umm Al-Qura University and Master’s degree in Applied physics in 2010 from Malaya University. He is a PhD student in the Department of Physics at the University of Kansas.

We have fabricated a two-dimensional MoS2/graphene van der Waals heterostructure substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). A stronger SERS enhancement was observed on the MoS2/graphene vdW heterostructure substrate compared to single-layer MoS2 or graphene substrate due to charge transfer and dipole-dipole interaction through the MoS2/graphene interface. Additionally, a novel substrate composed of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on MoS2/graphene vander Waals heterostructure was developed to explore the SERS eff ect of the AuNPs. Th e significant observed enhancement of this substrate can be attributed to the combination of the electromagnetic mechanism of plasmonic AuNPs and the muchenhanced chemical mechanism of the MoS2/graphene heterostructure via dipole-dipole interaction at the interface as compared to graphene only. The minimum detectable concentration of the R6G can reach 5x10-8M using a non-resonance 632.8 nm laser, which is an order of magnitude higher than that reported on the AuNPs/graphene substrate. SERS substrate based on MoS2/

graphene van der Waals heterostructure is an excellent SERS substrate for optoelectronics and biological detection.